Dreiecksnebel

Bildtafel Messierobjekte.jpg
Autor/Urheber:

diverse

, Lizenz: CC-by 3.0
Bildtafel der 110 Messier-Objekte.

Messier 33 - Spitzer Space Telescope - Ssc2009-08a1-rot.png
One of our closest galactic neighbors shows its awesome beauty in this new image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. M33, also known as the Triangulum Galaxy, is a member of what's known as our Local Group of galaxies. Along with our own Milky Way, this group travels together in the universe, as they are gravitationally bound. In fact, M33 is one of the few galaxies that is moving toward the Milky Way despite the fact that space itself is expanding, causing most galaxies in the universe to grow farther and farther apart.

When viewed with Spitzer's infrared eyes, this elegant spiral galaxy sparkles with color and detail. Stars appear as glistening blue gems (several of which are actually foreground stars in our own galaxy), while dust rich in organic molecules glows green. The diffuse orange-red glowing areas indicate star-forming regions, while small red flecks outside the spiral disk of M33 are most likely distant background galaxies. But not only is this new image beautiful, it also shows M33 to be surprising large - bigger than its visible-light appearance would suggest. With its ability to detect cold, dark dust, Spitzer can see emission from cooler material well beyond the visible range of M33's disk. Exactly how this cold material moved outward from the galaxy is still a mystery, but winds from giant stars or supernovas may be responsible.

M33 is located about 2.9 million light-years away in the constellation Triangulum. This is a three-color composite image showing infrared observations from two of Spitzer instruments. Blue represents combined 3.6- and 4.5-micron light and green shows light of 8 microns, both captured by Spitzer's infrared array camera. Red is 24-micron light detected by Spitzer's multiband imaging photometer.

Attendees of the Peyton Rhodes Lecture Series were treated to a preview unveiling of this image at Rhodes College in Memphis, Tennessee, and will be on display as an addition to the "From the Earth to the Universe" image exhibition at the Memphis Public Library.

Astrometrics
Position (J2000)
   RA = 1h 33m 54.9s 
   Dec = 30° 39' 12.7" 
Orientation
   North is up 

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Messier33 - HST - Heic1901a (North is vertical).png
(c) ESA/Hubble, CC BY 4.0
Hubble takes gigantic image of the Triangulum Galaxy

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has captured the most detailed image yet of a close neighbour of the Milky Way — the Triangulum Galaxy, a spiral galaxy located at a distance of only three million light-years. This panoramic survey of the third-largest galaxy in our Local Group of galaxies provides a mesmerising view of the 40 billion stars that make up one of the most distant objects visible to the naked eye.

This new image of the Triangulum Galaxy — also known as Messier 33 or NGC 598 — has a staggering 665 million pixels and showcases the central region of the galaxy and its inner spiral arms. To stitch together this gigantic mosaic, Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys needed to create 54 separate images.

Under excellent dark-sky conditions, the Triangulum Galaxy can be seen with the naked eye as a faint, blurry object in the constellation of Triangulum (the Triangle), where its ethereal glow is an exciting target for amateur astronomers.

At only three million light-years from Earth, the Triangulum Galaxy is a notable member of the Local Group — it is the group’s third-largest galaxy, but also the smallest spiral galaxy in the group [1]. It measures only about 60 000 light-years across, compared to the 200 000 light-years of the Andromeda Galaxy; the Milky Way lies between these extremes at about 100 000 light-years in diameter [2].

The Triangulum Galaxy is not only surpassed in size by the other two spirals, but by the multitude of stars they contain. The Triangulum Galaxy has at least an order of magnitude less stars than the Milky Way and two orders of magnitude less than Andromeda. These numbers are hard to grasp when already in this image 10 to 15 million individual stars are visible.

In contrast to the two larger spirals, the Triangulum Galaxy doesn’t have a bright bulge at its centre and it also lacks a bar connecting its spiral arms to the centre. It does, however, contain a huge amount of gas and dust, giving rise to rapid star formation. New stars form at a rate of approximately one solar mass every two years.

The abundance of gas clouds in the Triangulum Galaxy is precisely what drew astronomers to conduct this detailed survey. When stars are born, they use up material in these clouds of gas and dust, leaving less fuel for new stars to emerge. Hubble’s image shows two of the four brightest of these regions in the galaxy: NGC 595 and NGC 604. The latter is the second most luminous region of ionised hydrogen within the Local Group and it is also among the largest known star formation regions in the Local Group.

These detailed observations of the Triangulum Galaxy have tremendous legacy value — combined with those of the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy and the irregular Magellanic Cloud galaxies, they will help astronomers to better understand star formation and stellar evolution. Notes

[1] Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of the Local Group, an assembly of more than 50 galaxies bound together by gravity. Its largest member is the Andromeda Galaxy — also known as Messier 31 — followed by the Milky Way and the Triangulum Galaxy. The remaining members of the Local Group are dwarf galaxies, each orbiting one of the three larger ones.

[2] The much bigger Andromeda Galaxy was mapped by Hubble in 2015, creating the sharpest and largest image of this galaxy and the largest Hubble image ever (heic1502). More information

The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.

Image credit: NASA, ESA

CoordinatesCoordinates
Position (RA):	1 33 58.06
Position (Dec):	30° 40' 18.06"
Field of view:	20.18 x 11.36 arcminutes
Orientation:	North is 0° right of vertical (different orientation with respect to source)

Colours & filters
Band	Wavelength	Telescope
Optical g	475 nm	Hubble Space Telescope ACS
Optical I	814 nm	Hubble Space Telescope ACS

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Andromeda Galaxy (with h-alpha).jpg
Autor/Urheber: Adam Evans, Lizenz: CC BY 2.0
Die Andromedagalaxie ist eine Spiralgalaxie im Sternbild Andromeda (etwa 2,4 bis 2,9 Millionen Lichtjahre entfernt). Das Foto zeigt auch die Messierobjekte 32 und 110 sowie NGC 206 (eine helle Sternassoziation in der Andromedagalaxie) und den Stern ν Andromedae. Kombination von LRGB- und Hα-Bilddaten.

M33 lohrmobs.png
Autor/Urheber: Robin Geyer, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0 de
Messier 33, Triangulumsgalaxie.
Aufgenommen mit dem 60cm Teleskop der TU Dresden, Außenstelle Triebenberg, bearbeitet mit MaximDL 4 und Photoshop. Stack aus RGB zu je 5 mal 180s, Tonemapping in PS, Blooming der 10 hellsten Sterne entfernt (dadurch etwas Blur)

M33.jpg
M33, the Triangulum Galaxy, is a perennial favorite of amateur and professional astronomers alike, due to its orientation and relative proximity to us. It is the second nearest spiral galaxy to our Milky Way (after M31, the Andromeda Galaxy) and a prominent member of the "local group" of galaxies. From our Milky Way perspective, M33's stellar disk appears at moderate inclination, allowing us to see its internal structure clearly, whereas M31 is oriented nearly edge-on.

The Galaxy Evolution Explorer imaged M33 as it appears in ultraviolet wavelengths. Ultraviolet imaging primarily traces emission from the atmospheres of hot stars, most of which formed in the past few hundred million years. These data provide a reference point as to the internal composition of a typical star-forming galaxy and will help scientists understand the origin of ultraviolet emission in more distant galaxies.

These observations of M33 allow astronomers to compare the population of young, massive stars with other components of the galaxy, such as interstellar dust and gas, on the scale of individual giant molecular clouds. The clouds contain the raw material from which stars form. This presents direct insight into the star formation process as it occurs throughout an entire spiral galaxy and constitutes a unique resource for broader studies of galaxy evolution.

M33rosse.jpg
Drawing of the Triangulum Galaxy by William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse

VST snaps a very detailed view of the Triangulum Galaxy.jpg
Autor/Urheber: ESO, Lizenz: CC BY 4.0
The VLT Survey Telescope (VST) at ESO’s Paranal Observatory in Chile has captured this beautifully detailed image of the galaxy Messier 33, often called the Triangulum Galaxy. This nearby spiral, the second closest large galaxy to our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is packed with bright star clusters, and clouds of gas and dust. This picture is amongst the most detailed wide-field views of this object ever taken and shows the many glowing red gas clouds in the spiral arms with particular clarity.

Coordinates
Position (RA):	1 33 52.12
Position (Dec):	30° 40' 26.17"
Field of view:	68.01 x 57.04 arcminutes
Orientation:	North is 90.0° left of vertical

Colours & filters Band	Telescope
Optical g      	VLT Survey Telescope OmegaCAM
Optical r      	VLT Survey Telescope OmegaCAM
Optical H-alpha	VLT Survey Telescope OmegaCAM

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M33 Triangulum Galaxy 23.445 30.588.jpg
Autor/Urheber: Keimzelle, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Picture taken with a Canon PowerShot G3X camera under light light pollution. ISO 3200, 5 seconds, aperture f/5.0, focal length 100 mm (equivalent to 35 mm full frame)

M33-Herschel-SPIRE R500µmG350µmB250µm.png
Autor/Urheber: Fabian RRRR (talk) 22:21, 5 October 2012 (UTC) / ESA, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
Triangulum Galaxy (Messier 33) observed in the far infrared by Herschel.

Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.

The observations performed with the ESA Herschel Space Observatory (Pilbratt et al. 2010), in particular employing Herschel's large telescope and powerful science instrument SPIRE (Griffin et al. 2010).

Pilbratt, G.L., Riedinger, J.R., Passvogel, T. et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L1

Griffin, M.J., Abergel, A., Abreu, A. et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L3

Collision paths of our Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy.jpg
Die Grafik zeigt den Kollisionsverlauf von unserer Milchstraße und der Andromeda-Galaxie. Die Galaxien bewegen sich unter der unaufhaltsamen gravitativen Anziehungskraft aufeinander zu. Außerdem wird die kleinere Dreieck-Galaxie gezeigt, welche möglicherweise Teil der Fusion ist.

Nursery of New Stars - GPN-2000-000972.jpg
This is a Hubble Space Telescope image (right) of a vast nebula called NGC 604, which lies in the neighboring spiral galaxy M33, located 2.7 million light-years away in the constellation Triangulum.

This is a site where new stars are being born in a spiral arm of the galaxy. Though such nebulae are common in galaxies, this one is particularly large, nearly 1,500 light-years across. The nebula is so vast it is easily seen in ground-based telescopic images (left).

At the heart of NGC 604 are over 200 hot stars, much more massive than our Sun (15 to 60 solar masses). They heat the gaseous walls of the nebula making the gas fluoresce. Their light also highlights the nebula's three-dimensional shape, like a lantern in a cavern. By studying the physical structure of a giant nebula, astronomers may determine how clusters of massive stars affect the evolution of the interstellar medium of the galaxy.

The nebula also yields clues to its star formation history and will improve understanding of the starburst process when a galaxy undergoes a "firestorm" of star formation. The image was taken on January 17, 1995 with Hubble's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2. Separate exposures were taken in different colors of light to study the physical properties of the hot gas (17,000 degrees Fahrenheit, 10,000 degrees Kelvin