Das Afrika-Alphabet ist ein auf der lateinischen Schrift basierender Zeichensatz zur Schreibung afrikanischer Sprachen.
Das Konzept dieses Zeichensatzes wurde 1928 von dem Afrikanisten Diedrich Westermann in London vorgestellt. Er sollte für wissenschaftliche Zwecke ebenso wie für den Alltagsgebrauch taugen. Eine revidierte Fassung wurde 1930 vom Institute of African Languages and Cultures unter dem Namen Practical Orthography of African Languages vorgestellt. Das lateinische Alphabet wurde um zehn Zeichen aus dem Internationalen Phonetischen Alphabet (IPA) erweitert, und hierzu wurden neue Versalien (Großbuchstaben) entwickelt.
Das Afrika-Alphabet ist stetig weiterentwickelt worden zum Afrikanischen Referenzalphabet (1978 und 1982). Die Zusatzbuchstaben sind in Unicode aufgenommen und dadurch immer besser verfügbar. Besonders in Westafrika wird das Afrika-Alphabet häufig verwendet.
Eine Schriftsippe für die meisten und am häufigsten gebrauchten Buchstaben aus dem Afrika-Alphabet sind die fc-Schriften.
Alphabet
Inventar Afrika-AlphabetBuchstabe | BJ | BF | CM | CF | TD | CG | CD | GH | GN | CI | KE | LR | ML | MZ | NE | NG | SN | SL | SD | TG | UG |
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ʼ | U+02BC | | | ʼ | ʼ | ʼ | | | | ʼ | ʼ | ʼ | | | | ʼ | | ʼ | ʼ | ʼ | | ʼ | | ʼ |
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ǎ | U+01CE | Ǎ | U+01CD | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ǎ | | | | | | |
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ă | U+0103 | Ă | U+0102 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ă | | | | | | | | |
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ạ | U+1EA1 | Ạ | U+1EA0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ạ | | | | | |
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ɑ | U+0251 | Ɑ | U+2C6D | | | ɑ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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à | U+00E0 | À | U+00C0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | à | | | | |
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ä | U+00E4 | Ä | U+00C4 | | | | | | | | | | ä | | | | | | | | | | | ä |
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ā | U+0101 | Ā | U+0100 | | | | | | | | | | | ā | | | | | ā | | | | | |
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ḅ | U+1E05 | Ḅ | U+1E04 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḅ | | | ḅ | | | | | |
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ɓ | U+0253 | Ɓ | U+0181 | ɓ | ɓ | ɓ | | | | | | ɓ | | | ɓ | ɓ | | ɓ | ɓ | ɓ | | | | |
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ć | U+0107 | Ć | U+0106 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ć | | | | |
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č | U+010D | Č | U+010C | | | | | | | | | | | | č | | | | | | | | | |
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ḏ | U+1E0F | Ḏ | U+1E0E | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḏ | | |
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ḍ | U+1E0D | Ḍ | U+1E0C | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḍ | | ḍ | ḍ | | | | | |
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ɖ | U+0256 | Ɖ | U+0189 | ɖ | | | | | | | | | | | ɖ | | | ɖ | | | | | ɖ | |
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ɗ | U+0257 | Ɗ | U+018A | ɗ | ɗ | ɗ | | | | | | ɗ | | | | ɗ | | | ɗ | ɗ | | | | |
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é | U+00E9 | É | U+00C9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | é | | | | |
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ē | U+0113 | Ē | U+0112 | | | | | | | | | | | ē | | | | | | | | | | |
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ɛ | U+025B | Ɛ | U+0190 | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | | ɛ | ɛ | | | ɛ | | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ |
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ẹ | U+1EB9 | Ẹ | U+1EB8 | | | | | ẹ | | | | | | | | | | | ẹ | | | | | |
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ë | U+00EB | Ë | U+00CB | | | | | | | | | | ë | ë | | | | | | ë | | ë | | |
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ə | U+01DD | Ǝ | U+018E | ə | ə | ə | | ə | | | | ə | | | | ə | | ə | ə | | ə | | | |
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ƒ | U+0192 | Ƒ | U+0191 | ƒ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ƒ | |
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ɠ | U+0260 | Ɠ | U+0193 | | | | | | | | | ɠ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ɣ | U+0263 | Ɣ | U+0194 | ɣ | | | | | | | | | | | ɣ | ɣ | | ɣ | | | | | ɣ | |
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ɦ | U+0266 | | | | ɦ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ḥ | U+1E25 | Ḥ | U+1E24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḥ | | | ḥ | | | | | |
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ĩ | U+0129 | Ĩ | U+0128 | | | | | | | | | | | ĩ | | | | | | | | | | |
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ị | U+1ECB | Ị | U+1ECA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ị | | | ị | | |
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ï | U+00EF | Ï | U+00CF | | | | | | | | | | ï | | | | | | | | | ï | | |
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ɨ | U+0268 | Ɨ | U+0197 | | | ɨ | | | | ɨ | | | | | | | | | ɨ | | | | | |
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ɩ | U+0269 | Ɩ | U+0196 | ɩ | ɩ | | | | | | | | ɩ | | | | | | | | | | ɩ | ɩ |
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ƙ | U+0199 | Ƙ | U+0198 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ƙ | ƙ | | | | | |
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ḷ | U+1E37 | Ḷ | U+1E36 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḷ | | ḷ | | | | ḷ | | |
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ṇ | U+1E47 | Ṇ | U+1E46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṇ | | | | | |
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ñ | U+00F1 | Ñ | U+00D1 | | ñ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ñ | ñ | | | ñ | |
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ɲ | U+0272 | Ɲ | U+019D | | | | ɲ | | | | | ɲ | | | | ɲ | | ɲ | | | | | | |
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ŋ | U+014B | Ŋ | U+014A | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ |
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ó | U+00F3 | Ó | U+00D3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ó | | | | |
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ō | U+014D | Ō | U+014C | | | | | | | | | | | ō | | | | | | | | | | |
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œ | U+0153 | Œ | U+0152 | | | œ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ø | U+00F8 | Ø | U+00D8 | | | ø | | | | ø | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ọ | U+1ECD | Ọ | U+1ECC | | | | | ọ | | | | | | | | | | | ọ | | | | | |
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ö | U+00F6 | Ö | U+00D6 | | | | | | | | | | ö | ö | | | | | | | | ö | | |
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ɔ | U+0254 | Ɔ | U+0186 | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | | ɔ | ɔ | | | ɔ | | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ |
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ṕ | U+1E55 | Ṕ | U+1E54 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṕ | | | | |
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ɾ | U+027E | | | | ɾ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ɍ | U+024C | Ɍ | U+024D | | | | | ɍ | | | | | | | | | | ɍ | | | | | | |
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š | U+0161 | Š | U+0160 | | | | | š | | | | | | | | | | š | | | | | | |
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ṣ | U+1E63 | Ṣ | U+1E62 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṣ | | ṣ | ṣ | | | | | |
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ʃ | U+0283 | Ʃ | U+01A9 | | | | | | | | ʃ | | | | | ʃ | | | | | | | | ʃ |
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ṯ | U+1E6F | Ṯ | U+1E6E | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṯ | | |
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ṭ | U+1E6D | Ṭ | U+1E6C | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṭ | | ṭ | | | | | | |
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ū | U+016B | Ū | U+016A | | | | | | | | | | | ū | | | | | | | | | | |
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ű | U+0171 | Ű | U+0170 | | | | | | | | | | | ű | | | | | | | | | | |
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ụ | U+1EE5 | Ụ | U+1EE4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ụ | | | | | |
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ʉ | U+0289 | Ʉ | U+0244 | | | ʉ | | | | ʉ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ü | U+00FC | Ü | U+00DC | | | | | | | | | | ü | | | ü | | | | | | ü | | |
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ʌ | U+028C | Ʌ | U+0245 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʌ | | ʌ | | | |
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ʊ, ʋ | U+028A, U+028B | Ʊ, Ʋ | U+01B1, U+01B2 | ʊ | ʊ | | | | | | | ʊ | ʊ | | | | | | | | | | ʊ | ʊ |
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ŵ | U+0175 | Ŵ | U+0174 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ŵ | | | | | | | |
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ẅ | U+1E85 | Ẅ | U+1E84 | | | ẅ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ƴ | U+01B4 | Ƴ | U+01B3 | ƴ | ƴ | ƴ | | | | | | ƴ | | | | ƴ | | ƴ | | ƴ | | | | |
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ƶ | U+01B6 | Ƶ | U+01B5 | | | | | | | | ƶ | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ẓ | U+1E93 | Ẓ | U+1E92 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ẓ | | ẓ | ẓ | | | | | |
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ʒ | U+0292 | Ʒ | U+01B7 | ʒ | | | | | | | | | | | | ʒ | | | | | | | | ʒ |
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ʕ | U+0295 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʕ | | | | | | | | |
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ʔ | U+0294 | | | | ʔ | | ʔ | | | | | | ʔ | | | | | | | | | | | |
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DigraphenBuchstabe | BJ | BF | CM | CF | TD | CG | CD | GH | GN | CI | KE | LR | ML | MZ | NE | NG | SN | SL | SD | TG | UG | |
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a̱ | A̱ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | a̱ | | | | | |
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bʼ | Bʼ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | bʼ | | | | | | | |
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ʼb | ʼB | | | | | ʼb | ʼb | | ʼb | | | | | | | | | | | | ʼb | | ʼb |
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chʼ | Ch | | | | | | | | | | | | chʼ | | | | | | | | | | |
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dʼ | Dʼ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dʼ | | | | | | | dʼ |
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ʼd | ʼD | | | | | ʼd | ʼd | | ʼd | | | | | | | | | | | | ʼd | | |
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dh | Dh | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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dʼy | Dʼy | | | | | | | | dʼy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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e̱ | E̱ | | | | | | | | | e̱ | | | | | | | | e̱ | | | | | |
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ɛ̈ | Ɛ̈ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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g̣ | G̣ | | | | | | g̣ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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hʼ | Hʼ | | | | | | | | | | | | hʼ | | | | | | | | | | |
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i̱ | I̱ | | | | | | | | | i̱ | | | | | | | | | | | i̱ | | |
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ʼj | ʼJ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʼj | | |
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kʼ | Kʼ | | | | | | | | | | | | kʼ | | | | | | | | | | |
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kʼw | Kʼw | | | | | | | | | | | | kʼw | | | | | | | | | | |
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ʼl | ʼL | | | | | | | | | | | ʼl | | | | | | | | | | | |
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mʼ | Mʼ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mʼ | | | | | | | |
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ṅ | Ṅ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṅ | | | | | |
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nʼ | Nʼ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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n̄ | N̄ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | n̄ | | n̄ | | | | | |
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ngʼ | Ng | | | | | | | | | | | | ngʼ | | | ngʼ | | | | | | | |
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nʼg | Nʼg | | | | | | | | | | | | nʼg | | | | | | | | | | |
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nh | Nh | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ny | Ny | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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o̱ | O̱ | | | | | | | | | o̱ | | | | | | | | o̱ | | | | | |
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ɔ̈ | Ɔ̈ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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pʼ | Pʼ | | | | | | | | | | | | pʼ | | | | | | | | | | |
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ʼp | ʼP | | | | | | | | | | | ʼp | | | | | | | | | | | |
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tʼ | Tʼ | | | | | | | | | | | tʼ | | | | | | tʼ | | | | | |
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th | Th | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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tsʼ | Ts’ | | | | | | | | | | | | tsʼ | | | | | | | | | | |
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u̲ | U̲ | | | | | | | | | u̲ | | | | | | | | | | | u̲ | | |
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ʼw | ʼW | | | | ʼw | | | | ʼw | | | ʼw | | | | | | ʼw | | | ʼw | | |
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ʼy | ʼY | | | | | | | | | | | ʼy | | | | | | ʼy | | | ʼy | | |
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DiakritikaU+0300 | U+0301 | U+0302 | U+0303 | U+0304 | U+0306 | U+0307 | U+0308 | U+030C | U+0315 | U+0323 | U+0331 | U+0335 |
ò | ó | ô | õ | ō | ŏ | ȯ | ö | ǒ | o̕ | ọ | o̱ | |
Zeichenkodierung
Escape-Sequenzen (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N 3129)G0: | ESC 02/08 02/01 F | = 0x1B 0x28 0x21 | = ESC (! |
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G1: | ESC 02/09 02/01 F | = 0x1B 0x29 0x21 | = ESC )! |
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G2: | ESC 02/10 02/01 F | = 0x1B 0x2A 0x21 | = ESC *! |
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G3: | ESC 02/11 02/01 F | = 0x1B 0x2B 0x21 | = ESC +! |
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Escape-Sequenzen (DIN 31625)G0: | ESC 02/08 04/13 | = 0x1B 0x28 0x4D | = ESC ( M |
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G1: | ESC 02/09 04/13 | = 0x1B 0x29 0x4D | = ESC ) M |
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G2: | ESC 02/10 04/13 | = 0x1B 0x2A 0x4D | = ESC * M |
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G3: | ESC 02/11 04/13 | = 0x1B 0x2B 0x4D | = ESC + M |
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