Seawalls damaged by scouring in Ishinomaki city -left, 26-4-2011- and by sliding in Yamada town -right, 31-5-2011-

Autor/Urheber:

Anawat Suppasri, Nobuo Shuto, Fumihiko Imamura, Shunichi Koshimura, Erick Mas, Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner: "Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami: Performance of Tsunami Countermeasures, Coastal Buildings, and Tsunami Evacuation in Japan", Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170, 6-8, (2013), pp. 993–1018, DOI:10.1007/s00024-012-0511-7, online published on 7 July 2012, here: p. 997, Figure 8 ("Seawalls damaged by scouring in Ishinomaki city (left, 26/4/2011) and by sliding in Yamada town (right, 31/5/2011)"), Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). URL of the image file: https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00024-012-0511-7/MediaObjects/24_2012_511_Fig8_HTML.jpg.

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Source: Anawat Suppasri, Nobuo Shuto, Fumihiko Imamura, Shunichi Koshimura, Erick Mas, Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner: "Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami: Performance of Tsunami Countermeasures, Coastal Buildings, and Tsunami Evacuation in Japan", Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170, 6-8, (2013), pp. 993–1018, DOI:10.1007/s00024-012-0511-7, online published on 7 July 2012, here: p. 997, Figure 8 ("Seawalls damaged by scouring in Ishinomaki city (left, 26/4/2011) and by sliding in Yamada town (right, 31/5/2011)"), Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). URL of the image file: https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00024-012-0511-7/MediaObjects/24_2012_511_Fig8_HTML.jpg.

Caption as given in the above cited source: "Figure 8 - Seawalls damaged by scouring in Ishinomaki city (left, 26/4/2011) and by sliding in Yamada town (right, 31/5/2011))"

Context as given in the above cited source: "Examples of damage to typical seawalls can be found in Ishinomaki city (Fig. 8, left) and in Higashi-Matsushima city. The tsunami height near the control forests of both cities was 7–8 m. On the sea side, the surfaces of the seawalls survived, but on the land side, severe scouring occurred at the foundations. Another example of damaged seawalls is shown in Fig. 8, right. In Yamada town, five blocks of seawalls of total length of 50 m were moved by the tsunami. The block structure survived but failed because of poor connection with the foundations and with neighboring blocks."

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CC BY 2.0

Credit:

Anawat Suppasri, Nobuo Shuto, Fumihiko Imamura, Shunichi Koshimura, Erick Mas, Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner: "Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami: Performance of Tsunami Countermeasures, Coastal Buildings, and Tsunami Evacuation in Japan", Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170, 6-8, (2013), pp. 993–1018, DOI:10.1007/s00024-012-0511-7, online published on 7 July 2012, here: p. 997, Figure 8 ("Seawalls damaged by scouring in Ishinomaki city (left, 26/4/2011) and by sliding in Yamada town (right, 31/5/2011)"), Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). URL of the image file: https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00024-012-0511-7/MediaObjects/24_2012_511_Fig8_HTML.jpg.

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