Flag of the PNF (Variant 1938–1943) deriv
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Die „Schwarze Flagge des Faschismus“ (italienisch: Il drappo nero del fascismo oder Il drappo nero fascista) in einer Variante, wie sie von etwa 1938 bis 1943 von der faschistischen Staatspartei Italiens, dem Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF), als Parteiflagge verwendet und in der Öffentlichkeit zusammen mit der italienischen Trikolore gehisst wurde. Die „Schwarze Flagge des Faschismus“ war spätestens seit den 1920er Jahren im faschistischen Italien in Verwendung, wobei die Größen und Farbtöne der auf dem schwarzen Tuch dargestellten Liktorenbündel (fascio littorio) sehr stark variierten, und auch parallel verschiedene Versionen der Flagge genutzt wurden. Anders als das Hakenkreuz in der Parteifahne der deutschen NSDAP, wurde die Stilistik des Liktorenbündels im italienischen Faschismus niemals vereinheitlicht (Vgl. Emilio Gentile: The Sacralization of Politics in Fascist Italy. Cambridge/ Massachusetts/ London 1996, S. 119; Vojtech Kárpáty: Slovenská politická symbolika 1939–1945 [= Die slowakische politische Symbolik 1939–1945]. In: Peter Sokolovič (Hg.): Od Salzburgu do vypuknutia Povstania. Slovenská republika 1939–1945 očami mladých historikov VIII [= Von Salzburg bis zum Ausbruch des Aufstands. Die Slowakische Republik 1939–1945 in den Augen der jungen Historiker VIII]. Bratislava 2009, S. 31–47, S. 36 (slowakisch); Rolf Wörsdorfer: Krisenherd Adria 1915–1955. Konstruktion und Artikulation des Nationalen im italienisch-jugoslawischen Grenzraum. Paderborn 2004, S. 79 f.
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- Picture of the Luce Institute from 30 September 1938: Riproduzione fotografica di Mussolini, colto di profilo su un palco allestito all'aperto, saluta levando il braccio destro
- Documentary of the Luce Institute Il viaggio del Fuhrer in Italia. Dal Brennero a Roma. from 1938, at minute 3:45–3:50, 4:09–4:10, 4:33–4:43, especially 5:07–5:09.
- First Colored Picture by Hugo Jaeger from May 1938, En route from Munich to Rome during Hitler's state visit.
- Second Colored Picture by Hugo Jaeger from May 1938, En route from Munich to Rome during Hitler's state visit.
- Documentary of the Luce Institute Verona. Prima assemblea del Partito Fascista Repubblicano nella sede di Castelvecchio. from 1943, minute 0:40–0:41.
- Modern Usage as shown at the Channel 4 News documentary Fascism in Italy: The Hipster Fascists Trying to Bring Mussolini Back into the Mainstream from 2018, minute 3:35–3:36 and closer at 3:42–3:43.
Contemporary photos also show the "Black Flag of Fascism" in many other variants, which were used before or at the same time as the variant shown here. Examples of this are the photos on
- the Picture of the Luce Institute Mussolini sul palco delle autorità allo stadio from 1929.
- the Picture of the Luce Institute XVI Annuale – Parla il duce al popolo da palazzo Venezia from 1935.
- the Picture of the Luce Institute Mussolini saluta dall'alto dell'arengario in piazza Roma la folla raccolta dabbasso from 1938.
- the Colored Picture of Hugo Jaeger View of a crowd cheering in Florence during Hitler's state visit to Italy from 1938.
- the Colored Picture of Hugo Jaeger Naples during Hitler's state visit from 1938.
- another Colored Picture of Hugo Jaeger Naples during Hitler's state visit from 1938.
- the Colored Picture of Hugo Jaeger St. Marinella during Hitler's state visit from 1938.
- the Picture of the Luce Institute Inquadratura di bandiere italiane, fasciste e naziste che sventolano sui pennoni from 1938.
- the Colored Amateur Video of Hitlers Visit in Italy 1938 Hitler in Italy Color Amateur Film shown on Youtube, minute 0:11–0:13.
- this Picture of Hermann Göring and Italo Balbo in Libya, Hermann Goering on a visit to Libya after his arrival in Tripoli, with Marshal Italo Balbo, Gouvernor of Libya, taking the salute from 1939.
- another Picture of Hermann Göring and Italo Balbo in Libya, Hermann Goering and Marshal Balbo inspect a parade, from 1939.
- the Picture of the Luce Institute Celebrazioni a Roma in occasione del XIX annuale della Milizia, alla presenza di Mussolini from 1942.
- Luce Journal Giornale Luce C0294 del 03/11/1942 from 1942, minute 2:09–2:10.
- Variants of the Flag are also shown at the historical movie Omar Mukhtar – Lion of the Desert (here the German Version) on Youtube at 15:00–20:30, 43:50–45:20, 1:08:30–1:08:50.
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