Damage to a control forest in Natori city -11-5-2011-, and a control forest that survived in Ishinomaki city -26-4-2011-

Autor/Urheber:

Anawat Suppasri, Nobuo Shuto, Fumihiko Imamura, Shunichi Koshimura, Erick Mas, Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner: "Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami: Performance of Tsunami Countermeasures, Coastal Buildings, and Tsunami Evacuation in Japan", Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170, 6-8, (2013), pp. 993–1018, DOI:10.1007/s00024-012-0511-7, online published on 7 July 2012, here: p. 1002, Figure 13 ("Damage to a control forest in Natori city (11/5/2011), and a control forest that survived in Ishinomaki city (26/4/2011)"), Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). URL of the image file: https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00024-012-0511-7/MediaObjects/24_2012_511_Fig13_HTML.jpg.

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https://dewiki.de/b/157929

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Source: Anawat Suppasri, Nobuo Shuto, Fumihiko Imamura, Shunichi Koshimura, Erick Mas, Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner: "Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami: Performance of Tsunami Countermeasures, Coastal Buildings, and Tsunami Evacuation in Japan", Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170, 6-8, (2013), pp. 993–1018, DOI:10.1007/s00024-012-0511-7, online published on 7 July 2012, here: p. 1002, Figure 13 ("Damage to a control forest in Natori city (11/5/2011), and a control forest that survived in Ishinomaki city (26/4/2011)"), Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). URL of the image file: https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00024-012-0511-7/MediaObjects/24_2012_511_Fig13_HTML.jpg.

Caption as given in the above cited source: "Figure 13 - Damage to a control forest in Natori city (11/5/2011), and a control forest that survived in Ishinomaki city (26/4/2011)"

Context as given in the above cited source: "In Natori, where Sendai airport is located, a tsunami with a height of 10–12 m, as measured from garbage remaining on trees (Suppasri et al., 2012b), overturned most of the trees (Fig. 13, left); however, the control forest helped to protect the airport, because the tsunami inundation depth was only 4 m. Unlike the first two examples, almost all of the pine trees in the control forest in Ishinomaki survived (Fig. 13, right). The forest reduced the destructive power of the tsunami and trapped debris, for example cars, from the water before it entered the city. The trees may have been saved because the height of the tsunami at Ishinomaki was lower (~6 m). The seawall (which was later destroyed) may also have helped protect the trees. Yomiuri newspaper (2011b) reported results based on the estimates from a field survey of tsunami-affected areas conducted by the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Without control forests, it is predicted that a 16 m high tsunami would have inundated 600 m in 18 min with an average velocity of 10 m/s. However, with the control forest, the tsunami arrival time was delayed by 6 min, and its velocity was reduced to 2 m/s."

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CC BY 2.0

Credit:

Anawat Suppasri, Nobuo Shuto, Fumihiko Imamura, Shunichi Koshimura, Erick Mas, Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner: "Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami: Performance of Tsunami Countermeasures, Coastal Buildings, and Tsunami Evacuation in Japan", Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170, 6-8, (2013), pp. 993–1018, DOI:10.1007/s00024-012-0511-7, online published on 7 July 2012, here: p. 1002, Figure 13 ("Damage to a control forest in Natori city (11/5/2011), and a control forest that survived in Ishinomaki city (26/4/2011)"), Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). URL of the image file: https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00024-012-0511-7/MediaObjects/24_2012_511_Fig13_HTML.jpg.

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