Cardinal vowels-Jones x-ray
X-ray photographs of the tongue positions of Jones' cardinal vowels [i, u, a, ɑ] (adapted from Jones 1972: frontispiece).
- The photographs are of Jones' mouth during vowel production.
- Jones writes: "A chain of small lead plates strung together was placed on the tongue to show its outline. The large dot added on each photograph marks the highest point of the tongue. The cross is a point of reference (near the end of the hard palate).... The photographs were taken by Dr. H. Trevelyan George in St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, in January, 1917". And on p. 32: "They were taken ... by Dr. E. A. Meyer's method of placing a very thin metal chain on the tongue. They were first published in the Proceedings of the Royal Institution, Vol. XXII, Part 1, Oct., 1919. The originals may be seen in the Department of Phonetics, University College, London, W.C.1."
- For this image, Jones' large dots are overlaid with large red dots to aid the viewer.
- Jones' photographs are in the public domain in the United States.
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HauptvokalHauptvokale oder Kardinalvokale sind Vokale, die vom Phonetiker Daniel Jones beschrieben wurden. Sie werden als Referenz zur Charakterisierung der Vokale einer beliebigen Sprache benutzt. Als idealisierte Laute an den Rändern des Vokaltrapezes treten die Hauptvokale in reiner Form in realen Sprachen nicht oder nur angenähert auf. Die kamerunische Niger-Kongo-Sprache Ngwe soll acht Vokale aufweisen, die den acht primären Hauptvokalen sehr ähneln. .. weiterlesen