Tylopelta
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| Fowler, 1894 |
Tylopelta ist eine Gattung von Buckelzikaden der Unterfamilie Membracinae. Die Gattung ist in Nord- und Südamerika verbreitet und es sind drei Arten bekannt.[1]
Die Zikaden haben einen kompakten Körperbau, sie sind meist braun, manchmal schwarz oder fleckig, die Oberfläche ist mit Runzeln und kurzen Haaren bedeckt. Das Pronotum ragt über die Abdomenspitze hinaus, hat vorne eine runde Erhebung und dahinter zwei weitere, die stufenweise niedriger als die vorderste sind. An den Seiten befinden sich je zwei dorsolaterale Leisten (Carinae). Die Vorderflügel sind schwarzbraun mit hellen Flecken. Die Tibien der Vorder- und Mittelbeine sind abgeflacht.[2][3]
Typopelta ist nahe mit der Gattung Erechtia verwandt.[3]
- T. gibbera (Stål, 1869) ist die am besten bekannte Art der Gattung, sie ist auch unter dem Namen T. americana (Goding, 1893) beschrieben. Diese Art ist weit verbreitet in den USA (Arizona, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)[4] und kommt auch in Mexiko, Panama, Honduras, Costa Rica, Brasilien und Guatemala vor.[2] Körperlänge: 2,8 bis 3,2 mm.[2]
- T. monstrosa (Fairmaire, 1846) ist aus Brasilien und Kolumbien bekannt. ca. 3 mm.[1]
- T. obscura Strümpel, 1974 ist aus El Salvador, Honduras und Nicaragua beschrieben. Körperlänge ca. 3 mm.[2]
Biologie: Die Zirpen saugen Phloem an Pflanzen der Familie Clusiaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Melastomaceae, Asteraceae und Monimiaceae.[3] Die Weibchen legen ihre Eier in Pflanzenstängel und geben dann ein weißes schaumiges Exkret darüber, das wohl dem Schutz dient. Ein Gelege besteht aus ca. 46 Eiern. Die Nymphen werden von Ameisen besucht, die den Honigtau sammeln.[3][5][6]
Tiere der Gattung Tylopelta gelten als Schädlinge bei Straucherbsen.[6]
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Einzelnachweise
- ↑ a b McKamey, S. H.: Taxonomic Catalogue of the Membracoidea (exclusive of Leafhoppers). In: Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. Band 60, 1998, S. 1–377.
- ↑ a b c d H. Strümpel: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Membraciden Gattung Tylopelta Fowler, 1894. In: Ent. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg. Band 4, 1974, S. 531–540.
- ↑ a b c d Florez-V. C., Wolff M. I. & J. Cardona-Duque: Contribution to the taxonomy of the family Membracinae Rafinesque (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in Colombia. In: Zootaxa. Band 3910, 2015, S. 1–261.
- ↑ L. L. Deitz & M. S. Wallace: Richness of the nearctic Treehopper Fauna (Hemiptera: Aetalionidae and Membracidae). In: Zootaxa. Band 3423, 2012, S. 1–26.
- ↑ Lin, C.-P.: Social behavior and life history of membracinae treehoppers. In: Journal of Natural History. Band 40, Nr. 32–34, 2006, S. 1887–1907.
- ↑ a b C. Godoy, X. Miranda & K. Nishida: Treehoppers of tropical America. Instituto national de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica 2006, ISBN 9968-927-10-4, S. 352.
Weblinks
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Tylopelta gibbera, a wee, brown, spec-like, treehopper. This species runs from Central America north where it quietly sips sap from the tick-trefoil plant group. These specimens came from the Sarah Kocher lab at Princeton, where they were imprisoned in small net cages in greenhouses while Sarah and her white-coated lab staff use lasers to listen in on treehopper sex talk; where competing males shout to females by drumming on the plants making tiny vibes that, if played correctly, are aphrodesial to any female in the area. They are using the treehopper's molecules to deconstruct why, where, and how these sexy vibrations vary across the landscape. Who knew. Both 10x and 5x shots involved. 04:21, 21 November 2016 (UTC)04:21, 21 November 2016 (UTC){{{{{{0}}}}}}04:21, 21 November 2016 (UTC)04:21, 21 November 2016 (UTC)
All photographs are public domain, feel free to download and use as you wish.
Photography Information: Canon Mark II 5D, Zerene Stacker, Stackshot Sled, 65mm Canon MP-E 1-5X macro lens, and 10x Nikon microscope lens, Twin Macro Flash in Styrofoam Cooler, F5.0, ISO 100, Shutter Speed 200
Beauty is truth, truth beauty - that is all Ye know on earth and all ye need to know
" Ode on a Grecian Urn"
John Keats
You can also follow us on Instagram - account = USGSBIML Want some Useful Links to the Techniques We Use? Well now here you go Citizen:
Art Photo Book: Bees: An Up-Close Look at Pollinators Around the World www.qbookshop.com/products/216627/9780760347386/Bees.html...
Basic USGSBIML set up: www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-_yvIsucOY
USGSBIML Photoshopping Technique: Note that we now have added using the burn tool at 50% opacity set to shadows to clean up the halos that bleed into the black background from "hot" color sections of the picture. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bdmx_8zqvN4
PDF of Basic USGSBIML Photography Set Up: ftp://ftpext.usgs.gov/pub/er/md/laurel/Droege/How%20to%20Take%20MacroPhotographs%20of%20Insects%20BIML%20Lab2.pdf
Google Hangout Demonstration of Techniques: plus.google.com/events/c5569losvskrv2nu606ltof8odo or www.youtube.com/watch?v=4c15neFttoU
Excellent Technical Form on Stacking: www.photomacrography.net/
Contact information: Sam Droege sdroege@usgs.gov
301 497 5840Tylopelta gibbera, a wee, brown, spec-like, treehopper. This species runs from Central America north where it quietly sips sap from the tick-trefoil plant group. These specimens came from the Sarah Kocher lab at Princeton, where they were imprisoned in small net cages in greenhouses while Sarah and her white-coated lab staff use lasers to listen in on treehopper sex talk; where competing males shout to females by drumming on the plants making tiny vibes that, if played correctly, are aphrodesial to any female in the area. They are using the treehopper's molecules to deconstruct why, where, and how these sexy vibrations vary across the landscape. Who knew. Both 10x and 5x shots involved. 04:20, 21 November 2016 (UTC)04:20, 21 November 2016 (UTC){{{{{{0}}}}}}04:20, 21 November 2016 (UTC)04:20, 21 November 2016 (UTC)
All photographs are public domain, feel free to download and use as you wish.
Photography Information: Canon Mark II 5D, Zerene Stacker, Stackshot Sled, 65mm Canon MP-E 1-5X macro lens, and 10x Nikon microscope lens, Twin Macro Flash in Styrofoam Cooler, F5.0, ISO 100, Shutter Speed 200
Beauty is truth, truth beauty - that is all Ye know on earth and all ye need to know
" Ode on a Grecian Urn"
John Keats
You can also follow us on Instagram - account = USGSBIML Want some Useful Links to the Techniques We Use? Well now here you go Citizen:
Art Photo Book: Bees: An Up-Close Look at Pollinators Around the World www.qbookshop.com/products/216627/9780760347386/Bees.html...
Basic USGSBIML set up: www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-_yvIsucOY
USGSBIML Photoshopping Technique: Note that we now have added using the burn tool at 50% opacity set to shadows to clean up the halos that bleed into the black background from "hot" color sections of the picture. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bdmx_8zqvN4
PDF of Basic USGSBIML Photography Set Up: ftp://ftpext.usgs.gov/pub/er/md/laurel/Droege/How%20to%20Take%20MacroPhotographs%20of%20Insects%20BIML%20Lab2.pdf
Google Hangout Demonstration of Techniques: plus.google.com/events/c5569losvskrv2nu606ltof8odo or www.youtube.com/watch?v=4c15neFttoU
Excellent Technical Form on Stacking: www.photomacrography.net/
Contact information: Sam Droege sdroege@usgs.gov
301 497 5840