Thomas Jefferys
Thomas Jefferys (auch: T. Jefferies, Jeffery, Jeffereys, Jeffreys oder Gefferys; * um 1719;[1] † 20. November 1771)[2] war ein englischer Geograph, Kartograph, Kupferstecher, Verleger, Buchhändler[1] und Drucker[3] mit Sitz unter verschiedenen Adressen im London des 18. Jahrhunderts.[1] Während der Personalunion zwischen Großbritannien und Hannover[4] war er zunächst Geograph des Prinzen von Wales und später, ab 1760,[2] der „Geograph von König Georg III.“ als führender Landkarten-Zeichner seiner Zeit.[3]
Leben und Werk
Thomas Jefferys war der Sohn eines Messerschmiedes. Seine Karriere begann als kommerzieller Kartograf begann um 1744.[2] Er stach und druckte auf eigene Rechnung sowohl für die britische Regierung als auch für andere Institutionen eine Vielzahl kommerzieller Landkarten und Atlanten, vor allem Kartenwerke von Nordamerika.[3]
1754 schrieb er sein Werk The conduct of the French, with regard to Nova Scotia : from its first settlement to the present time ; in which are exposed the falsehood and absurdity of their arguments made use of to elude the force of the treaty of Utrecht, and support their unjust proceedings ; in a letter to a member of Parliament.[2][5] und veröffentlichte bis 1768 zahlreiche geographische Werke, wenngleich er 1766 in Zahlungsschwierigkeiten geriet. Sein Nachfolger William II Faden publizierte noch bis etwa 1774 unter der Firmierung Faden and Jefferys.[2]
Folgende Adressen Jefferys in London sind für folgende Zeiträume bekannt:
- 1753–1765: Corner of St. Martin's Lane;[1]
- 1757: E. E. Brauns Carte von der Gegende um der Stadt Hannover = A plan of the city of Hannover and the country adjacent, (Wales): Publishd by T. Jefferys, 1757[6]
- 1769: Charing Cross;
- 1771: Strand.[1]
Literatur (Auswahl)
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography[1]
- Ingrid Kretschmer (Red.), E. Tomasi (Mitarb.) et al.: Lexikon zur Geschichte der Kartographie. Von den Anfängen bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg, Bd. 1: A – L, Wien: Deuticke, 1986, ISBN 3-7005-4562-2[1]
- John Goss: The Mapping of North America: Three Centuries of Map-Making 1500 – 1860, Secausus: The Wellfleet Press, 1990
- William P. Cumming et al.: The exploration of North America 1630 – 1776, New York: G. P. Putnam's Son, 1974
- Adrian Johnson: America Explored, New York: The Viking Press, 1974
Weblinks
Commons: Thomas Jefferys – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ a b c d e f g Vergleiche die Angaben unter der GND-Nummer der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek nebst Querverweisen
- ↑ a b c d e Vergleiche die Angaben (in französischer Sprache) der Bibliothèque nationale de France
- ↑ a b c Fußnote 111 in Hanne Borchmeyer: Das amerikanische Künstlermilieu in Venedig. Von 1880 bis zur Gegenwart ( = Centro Tedesco di Studi Veneziani: Studi, Neue Folge, Bd. 10), zugleich Dissertation 2011 an der Universität München unter dem Titel Die Entwicklung des amerikanischen Künstlermilieus in Venedig, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-05-006087-3 und ISBN 3-05-006087-5, S. 28; online über Google-Bücher
- ↑ Klaus Mlynek: Personalunion. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (Hrsg.) u. a.: Stadtlexikon Hannover. Von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9, S. 498.
- ↑ archive.org: Kopie im Internet Archive
- ↑ Angaben im WorldCat
| Personendaten | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jefferys, Thomas |
| ALTERNATIVNAMEN | Jefferies, Thomas; Jefferys, T.; Jefferies, T.; Jeffery, Thomas; Jeffereys, T.; Jeffreys, T.; Gefferys, Thomas |
| KURZBESCHREIBUNG | englischer Geograph, Kartograph, Kupferstecher, Verleger, Buchhändler und Drucker, Hoflieferant von König Georg II. |
| GEBURTSDATUM | um 1719 |
| STERBEDATUM | 20. November 1771 |
Auf dieser Seite verwendete Medien
1772 Vaugondy - Diderot Map of Alaska, the Pacific Northwest ^ the Northwest Passage - Geographicus - DeFonte2-vaugondy-1768.jpg
A truly fascinating 1772 map of the northwestern parts of North America by Robert de Vaugondy and Thomas Jefferys. Essentially depicts the north eastern parts of Asia, speculations on northwestern America, and Admiral De Fonte’s mythical conception of a Northwest Passage. Heavily based upon earlier work by Thomas Jefferys, Thomas Swaine Drage, Gerhard Muller, and James De Lisle. Vaugondy prepared this map prior to the voyages of James Cook to this region. Around this time Europe was rampant with speculation both regarding the existence of a Northwest Passage and the northwestern parts of America in general. The discoveries of Admiral de Fonte and Juan de Fuca though now known to be entirely mythical, inspired the European imagination. Barthlomew de Fonte was supposedly a Spanish Admiral who, sailing up the Pacific coast c. 1640 discovered a series of gigantic lakes, seas, and rivers heading eastward towards the Hudson Bay. Supposedly, upon one of these great inland lakes, he met with a ship from Boston that claimed to have come through a Northwestern Passage. De Fonte’s story appeared in a short lived 1706 English publication entitled “Memoirs of the Curious”. The story inspired no less than Joseph-Nicholas de L’Isle, younger brother of the better known Guilleme de L’Isle. Joseph-Nicholas, at the time, was employed by the Russian Tzar Peter the Great in the compilation of Russian surveys and discoveries in Siberia and the extreme northeast of Asia. When he published his somewhat accurate map of northeast Asia, he paradoxically decided to include with it an entirely speculative map of North America based largely on De Fonte’s letter. De L’Isle’s mantle was later taken up by Jefferys, another ardent supporter of the De Fonte Northwest Passage theory, in his own map of the region, which was, ultimately, the inspiration for this map by Vaugondy. In accord with De Fonte’s suggestions this map displays the strait of Juan de Fuca continuing inland past the large lakes of Velasco, Belle and De Fonte to communicate with the Baffin and Hudson Bay. There are also a series of rivers and waterways connecting the lakes themselves to an outlet in the Arctic. Based upon Russian reports, Vaugondy renames the “Straits of Ainan”, the “Detroit de Bering”, paying homage to the great Russian navigator. Anian itself has been moved southward nearer to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Anian is a term derived from a John Donne poem, “Anyan if I go west by the North-West passage.” However, it was interpreted as the Bering Strait by cartographers, successfully transitioning it from the realms of poetry to cartography. Anian presupposed the existence of a Northwest Passage and, as such, was entirely mythical, though the lands that are now Alaska long bore that name. Further south still we find Quivira, one of the legendary northern American Kingdoms of Gold. Nearer to Russia the Aleutian Islands have been consolidated into a large peninsular landmass extending eastward towards Asia. In the extreme north, between 80 and 60 degrees of latitude is an archipelago, presumably discovered by Japanese sailors marooned in Kamtschatka, and purportedly inhabited entirely by pigmies. An altogether fascinating map of the Northwest Passage and the American west and a must for any serious collection dedicated to this region. Prepared by Vaugondy as plate no. 8 for the Supplement to Diderot’s Encyclopédie .
A truly fascinating 1772 map of the northwestern parts of North America by Robert de Vaugondy and Thomas Jefferys. Essentially depicts the north eastern parts of Asia, speculations on northwestern America, and Admiral De Fonte’s mythical conception of a Northwest Passage. Heavily based upon earlier work by Thomas Jefferys, Thomas Swaine Drage, Gerhard Muller, and James De Lisle. Vaugondy prepared this map prior to the voyages of James Cook to this region. Around this time Europe was rampant with speculation both regarding the existence of a Northwest Passage and the northwestern parts of America in general. The discoveries of Admiral de Fonte and Juan de Fuca though now known to be entirely mythical, inspired the European imagination. Barthlomew de Fonte was supposedly a Spanish Admiral who, sailing up the Pacific coast c. 1640 discovered a series of gigantic lakes, seas, and rivers heading eastward towards the Hudson Bay. Supposedly, upon one of these great inland lakes, he met with a ship from Boston that claimed to have come through a Northwestern Passage. De Fonte’s story appeared in a short lived 1706 English publication entitled “Memoirs of the Curious”. The story inspired no less than Joseph-Nicholas de L’Isle, younger brother of the better known Guilleme de L’Isle. Joseph-Nicholas, at the time, was employed by the Russian Tzar Peter the Great in the compilation of Russian surveys and discoveries in Siberia and the extreme northeast of Asia. When he published his somewhat accurate map of northeast Asia, he paradoxically decided to include with it an entirely speculative map of North America based largely on De Fonte’s letter. De L’Isle’s mantle was later taken up by Jefferys, another ardent supporter of the De Fonte Northwest Passage theory, in his own map of the region, which was, ultimately, the inspiration for this map by Vaugondy. In accord with De Fonte’s suggestions this map displays the strait of Juan de Fuca continuing inland past the large lakes of Velasco, Belle and De Fonte to communicate with the Baffin and Hudson Bay. There are also a series of rivers and waterways connecting the lakes themselves to an outlet in the Arctic. Based upon Russian reports, Vaugondy renames the “Straits of Ainan”, the “Detroit de Bering”, paying homage to the great Russian navigator. Anian itself has been moved southward nearer to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Anian is a term derived from a John Donne poem, “Anyan if I go west by the North-West passage.” However, it was interpreted as the Bering Strait by cartographers, successfully transitioning it from the realms of poetry to cartography. Anian presupposed the existence of a Northwest Passage and, as such, was entirely mythical, though the lands that are now Alaska long bore that name. Further south still we find Quivira, one of the legendary northern American Kingdoms of Gold. Nearer to Russia the Aleutian Islands have been consolidated into a large peninsular landmass extending eastward towards Asia. In the extreme north, between 80 and 60 degrees of latitude is an archipelago, presumably discovered by Japanese sailors marooned in Kamtschatka, and purportedly inhabited entirely by pigmies. An altogether fascinating map of the Northwest Passage and the American west and a must for any serious collection dedicated to this region. Prepared by Vaugondy as plate no. 8 for the Supplement to Diderot’s Encyclopédie .
George II and his officials by Thomas Jefferys.jpg
George II and his officials, by Thomas Jefferys (floruit 1759). Sitters
George II and his officials, by Thomas Jefferys (floruit 1759). Sitters
- George Anson, 1st Baron Anson (1697-1762), Admiral.
- Sir John Barnard (1685-1764), Lord Mayor of London.
- Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield (1694-1773), Statesman.
- King George II (1683-1760), Reigned 1727-60.
- Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke (1690-1764), Lord Chancellor.