Qiru

Tiwanaku-Qirus im Ethnologischen Museum Berlin.

Ein Qiru (spanisch Quero bzw. Qero, auch Kero oder Keru geschrieben) ist ein für die Anden­welt typisches Trinkgefäß, dass von den Inka und vorinkaischen Kulturen verwendet wurde, um Chicha zu trinken. Qirus gehörten zu den wichtigsten Zeremonialobjekten des Tiwanaku-Staats.

Merkmale

Tiwanaku-Qiru auf einer Briefmarke

Nach den Archäologen Charles Stanish und Alexei Vranich weisen Qirus die folgenden Merkmale auf[1]

  • sie sind relativ groß
  • haben einen flachen Boden und konkave Seiten
  • besitzen verengte Taillen und aufgeweitete Ränder
  • Tiwanaku-Qirus wurden zusätzlich mit polychromen Tiwanaku-Basissymbolen verziert

Qirus in der Tiwanaku-Ikonografie

Ponce-Monolith mit Qiru

Einige Monolithen (genauer Stelen) der Tiwanaku-Kultur zeigen Qirus, etwa diejenigen die zum Monolithengenre der Präsentationsmonolithen gehören. Beispielsweise hält der Ponce-Monolith in seiner linken Hand einen Qiru.[2]

Galerie

Siehe auch

  • Viereckiger Hut

Weblinks

Commons: Qiru – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Charles Stanish, Alexei Vranich: Visions of Tiwanaku. Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles (2013) Band 78, S. 175.
  2. ↑ Charles Stanish, Alexei Vranich: Visions of Tiwanaku. Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles (2013) Band 78, S. 144 f.

Auf dieser Seite verwendete Medien

Stamp of Bolivia - 1968 - Colnect 740298 - Painted Clay Cup.jpeg
Printed by La Papelera S.A., La Paz.  · CE 821.  · The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter.
Feline Incense Vessel MET DT2618.jpg
Autor/Urheber: unknown, Lizenz: CC0

The ceramic vessels of highland Tiwanaku are sturdy and clean lined, with a no-nonsense approach to shape that sets them apart from the sculptural ceramic traditions of the coastal regions to the north. Surface color too is restrained, with a pre-dominance of earth tones in a limited range of hue. This flaring-side vessel is a typical, but distinctive, Tiwanaku type. It has a large feline head on one side and a stumpy, erect tail on the other. The head is surrounded by a large flange on which remnants of a design appear. Winged profile felines are on each side of the vessel. These big-footed cats abundantly fill the space allotted to them. Their eyes are round and divided in half with one half white and the other black, a stylization that was widely used on feline images.

Vessels such as these usually represent either large cats or llamas. A number are modeled on the shape of the animal itself, with the animal's body forming the vessel container. The insides of both modeled and abstract vessels are often found blackened and sooty. This has lead to the conclusion that they were censers in Precolumbian times. When in use, smoke would have come from the open mouth of the feline head of this example, which does have a soot-blackened interior.
Clevelandart 1946.233.jpg
Autor/Urheber: unknown, Lizenz: CC0

Keros, used to drink the maize beer chicha, were essential items of Inka statecraft. Made and used in pairs, they reflect the important Andean concept of reciprocity. Native use of keros continued in the colonial period, the date of these two examples, which come from separate pairs. The example with

geometric motifs is closest to pre-conquest models. On the second, two armies converge: the Inka, dressed in tunics with waistbands, and their opponents, perhaps jungle people whose body parts are heaped in a centerpiece.
Bolivia, Cochabamba(?), Tiwanaku style, 400-1000 - Kero (Waisted Cup) - 1963.476 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif
Autor/Urheber: unknown, Lizenz: CC0
The kero is a distinctive Tiwanaku vessel form, imitated by the later Inka, who used the cups in political and religious ceremonies. It is assumed that the same was true at Tiwanaku, where impressive stone figures, perhaps rulers, hold keros as though they are emblems of authority. Perhaps, like the Inka, the Tiwanaku used keros to drink chicha, a corn beer shared to cement bonds of mutual obligation among allies.
Kero (beaker shaped vessel), Peru, Andes, Huari or Tiwanaku, 600-800 AD, wood - De Young Museum - DSC00386.JPG
Autor/Urheber: Daderot, Lizenz: CC0
Exhibit in the De Young Museum, San Francisco, California, USA. This artwork is in the public domain because the artist died more than 70 years ago. Photography was permitted in the museum without restriction.
Templo de Tihuanacu - L-00-31 -.JPG
Autor/Urheber: P. beaudroit, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Monolito Ponce de 3 mts de altura y la Puerta del Sol, de 3 por 4 mts y 10 toneladas, ubicados en el interior del templo de Kalasasaya, pertenecientes a la cultura Tihuanacota que se inició aproximadamente alrrededor del 1000 a.c., en Bolivia a poca distancia del lago Titikaka