Messier 83
| Galaxie Messier 83 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Aufnahme mit dem MPG/ESO-2,2-m-Teleskop | |
| AladinLite | |
| Sternbild | Wasserschlange |
| Position Äquinoktium: J2000.0, Epoche: J2000.0 | |
| Rektaszension | 13h 37m 00,9s[1] |
| Deklination | −29° 51′ 56″[1] |
| Erscheinungsbild | |
| Morphologischer Typ | SAB(s)c / HII / Sbrst[1] |
| Helligkeit (visuell) | 7,5 mag[2] |
| Helligkeit (B-Band) | 8,2 mag[2] |
| Winkelausdehnung | 12,9′ × 11,5′[2] |
| Positionswinkel | 44°[2] |
| Flächenhelligkeit | 12,8 mag/arcmin²[2] |
| Physikalische Daten | |
| Zugehörigkeit | M83-Gruppe, LGG 355[3] |
| Rotverschiebung | 0.001711 ± 0.000007[1] |
| Radialgeschwindigkeit | (513 ± 2) km/s[1] |
| Hubbledistanz H0 = 73 km/(s • Mpc) | (17 ± 1) · 106 Lj (5,23 ± 0,37) Mpc [1] |
| Durchmesser | 75.000 Lj |
| Geschichte | |
| Entdeckung | Nicolas Louis de Lacaille |
| Entdeckungsdatum | 1751[4] |
| Katalogbezeichnungen | |
| M 83 • NGC 5236 • UGC A 366 • PGC 48082 • ESO 444-G81 • MCG -05-32-050 • IRAS 13341-2936 • 2MASX J13370091-2951567 • SGC 133411-2936.8 • GC 3606 • h 3523 • Dun 628 • HIPASS J1337-29 • 1RXS J133657.0-295207 | |
Messier 83, manchmal auch südliche Feuerradgalaxie genannt, ist eine Spiralgalaxie im Sternbild Wasserschlange an der Grenze zur Jungfrau. Sie kann auf der Nordhalbkugel abends nur im Frühjahr beobachtet werden.
Obwohl es sich bei M83 mit einer scheinbaren Helligkeit von 7,5 mag um eine recht helle Galaxie handelt, ist sie von Mitteleuropa aus schwierig zu beobachten, da sie nur 10–15° über dem Horizont steht. Von südlichen Breiten aus beobachtet ist sie eine der hellsten Spiralgalaxien am Nachthimmel.
Die Galaxie ist etwa 17 Millionen Lichtjahre entfernt und namensgebend für die M83-Gruppe, eine der Lokalen Gruppe benachbarte Galaxiengruppe, die auch die helle Galaxie Centaurus A enthält.
Die Galaxie wurde 1751 von Nicolas Louis de Lacaille entdeckt.
Erscheinungsbild
M 83 erscheint bereits im Prismenfernglas als runder nebliger Fleck. In einem größeren Teleskop werden die Balkenstruktur und Spiralarme sichtbar.
Wissenschaftliche Beobachtungen in mehreren Spektralbereichen zeigen verschiedene Strukturen.
Panoramaaufnahme im UV durch GALEX (blau, grün) und im 21 cm-Band durch das Very Large Array (rot), das Ansammlungen neutralen Wasserstoffs zeigt.
Detaillierte Aufnahme des inneren Bereichs durch das Hubble-Weltraumteleskop
(c) ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Adamo (Stockholm University) and the FEAST JWST team, CC BY 4.0Infrarotaufnahme des Zentrums mithilfe des James Webb-Weltraumteleskops. Im nahen Infrarot (bläulich wiedergegeben) sind eine Vielzahl von Sternen zu erkennen, …
(c) ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Adamo (Stockholm University) and the FEAST JWST team, CC BY 4.0… der Auszug im mittleren Infrarot zeigt die Verteilung von Staub in Messier 83.
Supernova SN 1968L
Am 16. Juli 1968 entdeckte der südafrikanische Amateurastronom John Caister Bennett bei seiner Suche nach Kometen durch Zufall ein ungewöhnliches Aussehen des Zentrums der Galaxie M83. Dies wurde kurz darauf von Berufsastronomen als Supernova erkannt.[5] Es handelte sich um die erste visuelle Entdeckung einer Supernova seit der Erfindung des Teleskops.[6]
NGC 5236-Gruppe (LGG 355)
| Galaxie | Alternativname | Entfernung/Mio. Lj |
|---|---|---|
| NGC 5264 | PGC 48467 | 16 |
| NGC 5236 | PGC 48082 | 17 |
| IC 4316 | PGC 48368 | 20 |
| PGC 48029 | ESO 444-078 | 20 |
Literatur
- König, Michael & Binnewies, Stefan (2019): Bildatlas der Galaxien: Die Astrophysik hinter den Astrofotografien, Stuttgart: Kosmos, S. 158
Weblinks
- ESO: Neue Ansichten einer altbekannten Spiralgalaxie mit Fotos und Animationen, 19. Mai 2010
- Stellar Birth in the Galactic Wilderness, Quelle: CalTech – GALEX vom 16. April 2008
- astronews.com: Bild des Tages 16. November 2012
- Über den Mikroquasar M83-MQ1:
- Roberto Soria, William P. Blair, Knox S. Long, Thomas D. Russell, P. Frank Winkler: A New Microquasar Candidate in M83, auf: arXiv:1911.11149 vom 25. November 2019, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5b0c (Preprint)
- Roberto Soria, Knox S. Long, W. P. Blair, L. Godfrey, K. D. Kuntz, E. Lenc, C. Stockdale, P. F. Winkler et al.: Super-Eddington Mechanical Power of an Accreting Black Hole in M83, in: Science Band 343, Nr. 6177, S. 1330–1333 vom 21. März 2014, doi:10.1126/science.1248759
- Mikroquasar: Astronomen entdecken ein neues Schwarzes Loch in der Galaxie M83, auf astropage.eu vom 05/03/2014
- Rule Breaking Black Hole Discovered, auf: iflscience, abgerufen am 24. November 2020
- MUSE Observes Hidden Depths of Messier 83, auf: sci-news vom 23. November 2020
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ a b c d NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE
- ↑ a b c d e SEDS: NGC 5236
- ↑ VizieR
- ↑ Seligman
- ↑ SN 1968L – SuperNova. SIMBAD, abgerufen am 6. September 2016 (englisch).
- ↑ J. A. da S. Campos: Obituary John Caister Bennett (1914-1990).; B. Marsden: Jack Bennett – An Appreciation. In: Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa. Vol. 49, 1990, S. 113–115 (bibcode:1990MNSSA..49..113C).
Auf dieser Seite verwendete Medien
Autor/Urheber:
diverse
, Lizenz: CC-by 3.0Bildtafel der 110 Messier-Objekte.
The outlying regions around the Southern Pinwheel galaxy, or M83, are highlighted in this composite image from NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer and the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array in New Mexico. The blue and pink pinwheel in the center is the galaxy's main stellar disk, while the flapping, ribbon-like structures are its extended arms.
The Galaxy Evolution Explorer is an ultraviolet survey telescope. Its observations, shown here in blue and green, highlight the galaxy's farthest-flung clusters of young stars up to 140,000 light-years from its center. The Very Large Array observations show the radio emission in red. They highlight gaseous hydrogen atoms, or raw ingredients for stars, which make up the lengthy, extended arms.
Astronomers are excited that the clusters of baby stars match up with the extended arms, because this helps them better understand how stars can be created out in the "backwoods" of a galaxy.
In this image, far-ultraviolet light is blue, near-ultraviolet light is green and radio emission at a wavelength of 21 centimeters is red._(potm2310b).jpg)
(c) ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Adamo (Stockholm University) and the FEAST JWST team, CC BY 4.0
This image, which truly is a visual treat, was captured by Webb’s NIRCam, or Near-InfraRed Camera. NIRCam makes observations in the near-infrared, which spans wavelengths of light that are just longer than optical wavelengths. Like MIRI, it is equipped with a range of filters that cover its wavelength range of 0.6 to 5 micrometres, including 29 filters specifically intended for imaging. Data collected through eight of those filters were used to complete this impressive image, which picks out light emitted from the wealth of stars that might be obscured by dust at other wavelengths. Even though stars do not emit the majority of their light in the infrared, optical light is much more vulnerable to being scattered by dust than infrared light is, and so infrared instruments like Webb can provide the best opportunities to study stars in regions (like galaxies) that might also contain large amounts of dust. In this image, the bright red-pink spots correspond to regions rich in ionised hydrogen, which is due to the presence of newly formed stars. The diffuse gradient of blue light around the central region shows the distribution of older stars. The compact light blue regions within the red, ionised gas, mostly concentrated in the spiral arms, show the distribution of young star clusters.[Image Description: A close-up view of a spiral galaxy. The core glows very brightly from the multitude of stars there, which are so dense they appear like noise or static. Near the edges of the image, the density of the stars notably follows the galaxy’s spiral arms. The two arms are highlighted by patchy red gas, connecting in the galactic centre. The gas is very thread-like in the centre and thicker further out along the arms.]
This new Hubble image shows the scatterings of bright stars and thick dust that make up spiral galaxy Messier 83, otherwise known as the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy. One of the largest and closest barred spirals to us, this galaxy is dramatic and mysterious; it has hosted a large number of supernova explosions, and appears to have a double nucleus lurking at its core.
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(c) ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Adamo (Stockholm University) and the FEAST JWST team, CC BY 4.0
This month, Webb presents a spectacular treat… for the eyes. The barred spiral galaxy M83 is revealed in detail by the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. M83, which is also known as NGC 5236, was observed by Webb as part of a series of observations collectively titled Feedback in Emerging extrAgalactic Star clusTers, or FEAST. Another target of the FEAST observations, M51, was the subject of a previous Webb Picture of the Month. As with all six galaxies that comprise the FEAST sample, M83 and M51 were observed with both NIRCam and MIRI, two of the four instruments that are mounted on Webb.MIRI, or the Mid-InfraRed Instrument, makes observations in the mid-infrared, which spans wavelengths of light very different from optical wavelengths. Optical wavelengths in astronomy roughly correspond to the range of light waves that human eyes are sensitive to, and extend from about 0.38 to 0.75 micrometres (a micrometre, or micron, is one thousandth of a millimetre). By contrast, MIRI detects light from 5 to 28 micrometres — however, when it makes observations, it does not typically observe across this entire wavelength range all at once. Instead, MIRI has a set of ten filters that allow very specific regions of light through. For example, one of MIRI’s filters (dubbed F770W), allows light with wavelengths of 6.581 to 8.687 micrometres to pass through it. This image was compiled using data collected through just two of MIRI’s ten filters, near the short end of the instrument’s wavelength range. The result is this extraordinarily detailed image, with its creeping tendrils of gas, dust and stars. In this image, the bright blue shows the distribution of stars across the central part of the galaxy. The bright yellow regions that weave through the spiral arms indicate concentrations of active stellar nurseries, where new stars are forming. The orange-red areas indicate the distribution of a type of carbon-based compound known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (or PAHs) — the F770W filter, one of the two used here, is particularly suited to imaging these important molecules.[Image Description: A close-up view of a barred spiral galaxy. Two spiral arms reach horizontally away from the core in the centre, merging into a broad network of gas and dust which fills the image. This material glows brightest orange along the path of the arms, and is darker red across the rest of the galaxy. Through many gaps in the dust, countless tiny stars can be seen, most densely around the core.]
Autor/Urheber: (Credit) ESO, Lizenz: CC BY 4.0
Spiral galaxy Messier 83*
This dramatic image of the galaxy Messier 83 was captured by the Wide Field Imager at ESO's La Silla Observatory, located high in the dry desert mountains of the Chilean Atacama Desert. Messier 83 lies roughly 15 million light-years away towards the huge southern constellation of Hydra (the sea serpent). It stretches over 40 000 light-years, making it roughly 2.5 times smaller than our own Milky Way. However, in some respects, Messier 83 is quite similar to our own galaxy. Both the Milky Way and Messier 83 possess a bar across their galactic nucleus, the dense spherical conglomeration of stars seen at the centre of the galaxies.
Credit:
ESO
Coordinates Position (RA): 13 37 0.91 Position (Dec): -29° 51' 56.57" Field of view: 17.59 x 17.59 arcminutes Orientation: North is 0.0° left of vertical
Colours & filters Band Telescope Optical B MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope WFI Optical V MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope WFI Optical R MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope WFI.