Messier 61
| Galaxie Messier 61 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Die Galaxie Messier 61, aufgenommen durch das Very Large Telescope | |
| AladinLite | |
| Sternbild | Jungfrau |
| Position Äquinoktium: J2000.0, Epoche: J2000.0 | |
| Rektaszension | 12h 21m 54,9s[1] |
| Deklination | +04° 28′ 25″[1] |
| Erscheinungsbild | |
| Morphologischer Typ | SABbc / Sy2[1] |
| Helligkeit (visuell) | 9,3 mag[2] |
| Helligkeit (B-Band) | 10,1 mag[2] |
| Winkelausdehnung | 6,5′ × 5,9′[2] |
| Positionswinkel | 162°[2] |
| Inklination | 25° |
| Flächenhelligkeit | 13,1 mag/arcmin²[2] |
| Physikalische Daten | |
| Zugehörigkeit | Virgo-Galaxienhaufen, LGG 287[1][3] |
| Rotverschiebung | 0.005224 ± 0.000007[1] |
| Radialgeschwindigkeit | (1566 ± 2) km/s[1] |
| Hubbledistanz H0 = 73 km/(s • Mpc) | (66 ± 5) · 106 Lj (20,3 ± 1,4) Mpc [1] |
| Durchmesser | 100.000 Lj |
| Geschichte | |
| Entdeckung | Barnaba Oriani |
| Entdeckungsdatum | 5. Mai 1779 |
| Katalogbezeichnungen | |
| M 61 • NGC 4303 • UGC 7420 • PGC 40001 • CGCG 042-045 • MCG +01-32-022 • IRAS 12194+0444 • 2MASX J12215494+0428249 • VCC 508 • GC 2878 • H I 139 • h 1202 • | |
Messier 61 = NGC 4303 ist eine Spiralgalaxie vom Hubble-Typ SABbc im Sternbild Jungfrau auf der Ekliptik. Sie ist schätzungsweise 66 Millionen Lichtjahre von der Milchstraße entfernt und hat einen Durchmesser von etwa 100.000 Lj. Die Entfernungsmessungen basierend auf den Radialgeschwindigkeiten stimmen nicht mit den rotverschiebungsunabhängigen Entfernungsschätzungen von 48 ± 24 Millionen Lichtjahren überein.
M61 gehört zu den größeren Spiralgalaxien des Virgo-Galaxienhaufens, einer Ansammlung von Galaxien, die alle durch ihre gegenseitige Anziehungskraft zusammengehalten werden.
Das Objekt wurde am 5. Mai 1779 von Barnaba Oriani entdeckt.[4]
UV-Aufnahme mit GALEX
Infrarotaufnahme des Zentrums mit dem Spitzer-Weltraumteleskop
Detaillierte Aufnahme mit der WFC3 des Hubble-Weltraumteleskops kombiniert mit der mit dem Instrument FORS des Very Large Telescope, welches die H-alpha-Strahlung aufgezeichnet hat.
Hochaufgelöste Aufnahme des Zentrums mittels ACS/HRC des Hubble-Weltraumteleskops
Literatur
- König, Michael & Binnewies, Stefan (2019): Bildatlas der Galaxien: Die Astrophysik hinter den Astrofotografien, Stuttgart: Kosmos, S. 148
Weblinks
- Spiral Snapshot (engl.)
- astronews.com: Bild des Tages 17. Juni 2013
- A hungry starburst galaxy (engl.)
- Messier 61 looks straight into the camera (engl.)
Einzelnachweise
Auf dieser Seite verwendete Medien
Autor/Urheber:
diverse
, Lizenz: CC-by 3.0Bildtafel der 110 Messier-Objekte.
Messier 61 by GALEX
Autor/Urheber: ESA/Hubble & NASA, ESO, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team, Lizenz: CC BY 4.0
The luminous heart of the galaxy M61 dominates this image, framed by its winding spiral arms threaded with dark tendrils of dust. As well as the usual bright bands of stars, the spiral arms of M61 are studded with ruby-red patches of light. Tell-tale signs of recent star formation, these glowing regions lead to M61’s classification as a starburst galaxy.
Though the gleaming spiral of this galaxy makes for a spectacular sight, one of the most interesting features of M61 lurks unseen at the centre of this image. As well as widespread pockets of star formation, M61 hosts a supermassive black hole more than 5 million times as massive as the Sun.
M61 appears almost face-on, making it a popular subject for astronomical images, even though the galaxy lies more than 52 million light-years from Earth. This particular astronomical image incorporates data from not only Hubble, but also the FORS camera at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope, together revealing M61 in unprecedented detail. This striking image is one of many examples of telescope teamwork — astronomers frequently combine data from ground-based and space-based telescopes to learn more about the Universe.
Autor/Urheber: Die Autorenschaft wurde nicht in einer maschinell lesbaren Form angegeben. Es wird Med als Autor angenommen (basierend auf den Rechteinhaber-Angaben)., Lizenz: CC BY 2.5
Image of the M61 galaxy in infrared at 3.6 (blue), 5.8 (green) and 8.0 µm. The image has been made by myself (Médéric Boquien) from the public image archive of the Spitzer Space Telescope (courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech).
Autor/Urheber: Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA Acknowledgement: Det58, Lizenz: CC BY 3.0
A hungry starburst galaxy
This new Hubble picture is the sharpest ever image of the core of spiral galaxy Messier 61. Taken using the High Resolution Channel of Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys, the central part of the galaxy is shown in striking detail.
Also known as NGC 4303, this galaxy is roughly 100 000 light-years across, comparable in size to our galaxy, the Milky Way. Both Messier 61 and our home galaxy belong to a group of galaxies known as the Virgo Supercluster in the constellation of Virgo (The Virgin) — a group of galaxy clusters containing up to 2000 spiral and elliptical galaxies in total.
Messier 61 is a type of galaxy known as a starburst galaxy. Starburst galaxies experience an incredibly high rate of star formation, hungrily using up their reservoir of gas in a very short period of time (in astronomical terms). But this is not the only activity going on within the galaxy; deep at its heart there is thought to be a supermassive black hole that is violently spewing out radiation.
Despite its inclusion in the Messier Catalogue, Messier 61 was actually discovered by Italian astronomer Barnabus Oriani in 1779. Charles Messier also noticed this galaxy on the very same day as Oriani, but mistook it for a passing comet — the comet of 1779.
A version of this image was submitted to the Hubble’s Hidden Treasures image processing competition by Flickr user Det58.
Credit:
ESA/Hubble & NASA Acknowledgement: Det58
About the Object
Name: Messier 61
Type: • Local Universe : Galaxy : Type : Spiral
• X - Galaxies Images/Videos
Distance: 55 million light years
Colours & filters
Band Wavelength Telescope Ultraviolet U 330 nm Hubble Space Telescope ACS Infrared I 814 nm Hubble Space Telescope ACS Optical V 555 nm Hubble Space Telescope ACS.
Autor/Urheber: Credit: ESO, Lizenz: CC BY 4.0
A portrait of a beauty
Nuzzled in the chest of the constellation Virgo (the Virgin) lies a beautiful cosmic gem — the galaxy Messier 61. This glittering spiral galaxy is aligned face-on towards Earth, thus presenting us with a breathtaking view of its structure. The gas and dust of the intricate spiral arms are studded with billions of stars. This galaxy is a bustling hub of activity with a rapid rate of star formation, and both a massive nuclear star cluster and a supermassive black hole buried at its heart.
Messier 61 is one of the largest members of the Virgo Cluster, which is made up of more than a thousand galaxies, and is itself at the centre of the Virgo Supercluster — to which our Milky Way also belongs. This dazzling beauty was first discovered in 1779, and it has been capturing astronomers’ interest ever since. Set against a dark sky littered with galaxies, this image shows the awe-inspiring M61 in its full glory — even at its distance of over 50 million light-years.
This image was taken as part of ESO’s Cosmic Gems Programme, an outreach initiative to produce images of interesting, intriguing or visually attractive objects using ESO telescopes, for the purposes of education and public outreach. The programme makes use of telescope time that cannot be used for science observations. In case the data collected could be useful for future scientific purposes, these observations are saved and made available to astronomers through ESO’s Science Archive.
Credit:
ESO
Coordinates Position (RA): 12 21 57.51 Position (Dec): 4° 28' 25.12" Field of view: 6.11 x 6.24 arcminutes Orientation: North is -0.0° left of vertical Colours & filters Band Wavelength Telescope Optical b 440 nm Very Large Telescope FORS2 Optical v 557 nm Very Large Telescope FORS2 Infrared R 655 nm Very Large Telescope FORS2 Optical H-alpha 656 nm Very Large Telescope FORS2.