Louise Homer

Louise Homer

Louise Beatty Homer, geborene Louise Dilworth Beatty (30. April 1871 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania6. Mai 1947 in Winter Park, Florida) war eine US-amerikanische Opernsängerin der Stimmlage Alt. Ihre größten Erfolge feierte sie an der Metropolitan Opera in New York, deren Ensemble sie mehr als 20 Jahre angehörte, sowie in Boston, Chicago, San Francisco und Paris.

Leben und Werk

Louise Dilworth Beatty wuchs in einer Landgemeinde nahe Pittsburgh in einem presbyterianischen Pfarrhaus auf. Sie hatte sieben Geschwister. Ihr Vater starb, als sie elf Jahre war. Ihre Mutter zog mit den Kindern zu Verwandten nach West Chester, Pennsylvania. Die Kinder sangen im Kirchenchor. Louise Beatty wollte eigentlich ihre Stimme ausbilden lassen, arbeitete jedoch als Sekretärin und Gerichtsstenographin, um die Familie zu unterstützen. Mit 23 Jahren jedoch ging sie zwecks Gesangsstudiums zuerst nach Philadelphia und dann nach Boston. Kurze Zeit war sie als Vaudevilledarstellerin in Neu-England tätig. Einer ihrer Lehrer, der Komponist Sidney Homer (1864–1953), besuchte mit ihr erstmals eine Oper, in der strenggläubigen Familie waren derartige Vergnügungen verpönt. 1895 heiratete sie Homer, bekam ein Kind und ging mit Mann und Kind nach Paris. Dort setzte sie ihre Studien bei Fidèle König und Paul Lhérie, dem ersten Don José, fort. Am 5. Juni 1898 debütierte sie in Vichy als Léonor in Donizettis La favorite. In der Wintersaison war sie in Angers zu sehen und zu hören, wenig später am Opernhaus Covent Garden in London und am Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie in Brüssel. In London übernahm sie 1899 die Lola in Cavalleria rusticana und die Amneris in der Aida, 1900 die Maddalena im Rigoletto und die Ortrud im Lohengrin. Danach kehrte sie in die Vereinigten Staaten zurück. Von 1900 bis 1919 gehörte sie dem Ensemble der Metropolitan Opera in New York an, deren gefeierte Sopranistin Nellie Melba über sie sagte: „the world's most beautiful voice“. Ihre große samtene Stimme kam bestens bei Verdi und Wagner zur Geltung, sie sang aber auch eine Reihe von Opern des französischen Faches, beispielsweise den Pagen Urbain in Meyerbeers Hugenotten oder die weibliche Titelrolle in Saint-Saëns’ Samson und Dalila. Mehrfach wurde die Sängerin in Werken zeitgenössischer Komponisten besetzt, etwa am 31. Januar 1906 in der Uraufführung The Pipe of Desire von Frederick Converse oder im folgenden Jahr in der amerikanischen Erstaufführung von Francesco Cileas Adriana Lecouvreur. Als bevorzugte Partie nannte sie die Amneris, doch fanden sich in ihrem Repertoire zahlreiche weitere Rollen des italienischen Faches. Am 11. Februar 1907 zählte sie zur legendären Besetzung der Met-Premiere von Madame Butterfly, in Anwesenheit des Komponisten, mit Farrar, Caruso, Scotti, Homer. Sie sang die Suzuki. Zwei Jahre später übernahm sie – zur Eröffnung des neu erbauten Opernhauses von Boston – die Laura in Ponchiellis La Gioconda. Als 1909 ihre französische Fachkollegin Marie Delna (1875–1932) für eine Spielzeit an die Met verpflichtet wurde, soll das New Yorker Publikum zu erkennen gegeben haben, dass es die Rollengestaltung der Homer in der Gluckschen Oper Orpheus und Euridike vorzog. Louise Homer hatte den Orpheus soeben unter Leitung von Arturo Toscanini gesungen und alternierte mit der französischen Kollegin. Marie Delna vermutete eine Intrige und rasch machten die New Yorker Zeitungen die Rivalität der beiden Sängerinnen zum Thema. Die Auseinandersetzung verlagerte sich schließlich nach Paris, wo Louise Homer als Amneris gastierte und Marie Delna Missfallenskundgebungen organisierte, die den Erfolg der Kollegin jedoch nicht verhindern konnten.[1] Zurück in New York übernahm die Sängerin die Hexe in der Erstaufführung von Engelbert Humperdincks Königskinder und 1910 gastierte sie auch erneut in Paris – als Brangäne in Tristan und Isolde an der Grand Opéra. Am 14. März 1912 sang sie die Titelpartie in der Uraufführung von Horatio Parkers Novität Mona.

An der Met sang sie neben den weltbesten Sängern ihrer Zeit – Mario Ancona, Enrico Caruso, Geraldine Farrar, Olive Fremstad, Amelita Galli-Curci und Beniamino Gigli. 1913 war sie wiederum an einer amerikanischen Erstaufführung beteiligt, sie verkörperte die Marina in Modest Mussorgskis Boris Godunow. Von 1920 bis 1925 gehörte die Sängerin dem Ensemble der Civic Opera Company in Chicago an, danach gastierte sie in San Francisco und Los Angeles. Die National League of Women Voters reihte sie 1923 und 1924 unter die zwölf bedeutendsten Frauen der Welt ein. Für zwei Spielzeiten – von 1927 bis 1929 – kehrte sie an die Met zurück. Ihre Abschiedsrolle war im November 1929 die Azucena in Verdis Troubadour. In den mehr als zwei Jahrzehnten ihrer Engagements an der Met sang sie dort 42 Rollen in 472 Vorstellungen. Dazu kamen noch viele Aufführungen auf den Tourneen der Met in zahlreichen Städten der USA, so dass sich eine Gesamtzahl von 734 Vorstellungen ergibt. 1930 verabschiedete sie sich von der Bühne, gab aber noch gelegentlich Konzerte, beispielsweise gemeinsam mit ihrer Tochter. Kutsch/Riemens beschreiben sie wie folgt: „Die Tonfülle und -schönheit ihrer Stimme wie deren nuancenreicher Ausdruck wurden immer wieder bewundert.“ Auch ihre „majestätische Präsenz auf der Bühne wurde allgemein bewundert.“ Das Grove Book of Opera Singers betonte „ihre hohe künstlerische Integrität“. Ihre Tätigkeit im Konzertsaal, insbesondere die Zuwendung zur intimen Form des Lieds, stand während der aktiven Zeit im Schatten der überragenden und schillernden Bühnenkarriere. Sie sang die Alt-Soli in Chor-Orchesterwerken wie Händels Messias, Beethovens Neunter oder Rossinis Stabat Mater, auch Verdis Messa da Requiem. Sie gestaltete Lieder mit Klavierbegleitung aus dem europäischen Kanon, beispielsweise Werke Schuberts oder Die Loreley von Heine und Liszt, auch amerikanische Folksongs und Kompositionen ihres Ehemannes. Auch Auszüge aus Operette und Unterhaltungsmusik nahm sie in ihre Programme auf und zeichnete sie auf, beispielsweise Sullivans The Lost Chord.

Rollen (Auswahl)

Repertoire

Boieldieu:

Boito:

Gluck:

Gounod:

Engelbert Humperdinck:

Mascagni:

Meyerbeer:

Mozart:

Musorgski:

 

Ponchielli:

Puccini:

Saint-Saëns:

Verdi:

Wagner:

Privatleben

Die Ehe mit Sidney Homer währte 52 Jahre, bis zu ihrem Tod. Das Paar hatte sechs Kinder, die Zwillinge Anne und Kathryn, Sidney Homer Jr., der Ökonom wurde, Kay, die Pianistin wurde, Louise Homer jr., die wie ihre Mutter Sängerin wurde, und Joy. Die Website FemBio schreibt: „Homers Privatleben widersprach allen Primadonnen-Klischees: Sie liebte ihren Gatten, ihre sechs Kinder und ihre Häuslichkeit über alles. Nach dem Tod ihrer jüngsten Tochter Joy 1946 war Homer gebrochen und starb kurze Zeit später an Herzversagen.“[2] Folgende Fotografien stammen von George Grantham Bain, einem berühmten New Yorker Reporter:

Der Komponist Samuel Barber war ihr Neffe.

Ihr Ehemann und Tochter Anne schrieben Bücher über ihr Leben und ihre Laufbahn.

Tondokumente (Auswahl)

Die größten Sänger und Sängerinnen der Welt, Louise Homer im linken Drittel in der zweiten Reihe

Es bestehen zahlreiche Tondokumente, aufgezeichnet von Victor Records und Columbia Records.

Opernauszüge, Höhepunkte
Arien und Duette
Chor-Orchesterwerke
  • Händel: Messiah – „O Thou That Tellest Good Tidings To Zion“, „He Shall Feed His Flock“, „He was Despised“[3]
Lieder, Folklore
  • Flee as a Bird
  • Just for Today

1970 erschien bei RTCA Victrola eine Kompilation mit dem Titel „Louise Homer – Profile Of The Golden Age Contralto“ mit Arien und Duetten aus Opern von Gluck, Händel, Humperdinck, Meyerbeer, Puccini, Saint-Saëns und Verdi.

Literatur

Monographien
  • Anne Homer: Louise Homer and The Golden Age of Opera, New York 1974
  • Sidney Homer: My Wife and I, Macmillan 1939 und Da Capo Press 1978
Beiträge

Weblinks

Commons: Louise Homer – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

Einzelnachweise

  1. Karl-Josef Kutsch und Leo Riemens: Großes Sängerlexikon, 4. erweiterte und verbesserte Auflage, München, K. G. Saur 2003, Band 4, ISBN 3-598-11598-9, S. 1080
  2. Luise F. Pusch: LOUISE HOMER, FemBio, abgerufen am 31. März 2021
  3. a b Victrola & Ernestine Schumann-Heink & Geraldine Farrar & Louise Homer , 1923, abgerufen am 29. März 2021

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Louise Homer and children in 1919
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Verdi - Rigoletto - Louise Homer as Maddalena - Aimé Dupont

Identifier: victrolabookofop00vict (find matches)
Title: The Victrola book of the opera : stories of one hundred and twenty operas with seven-hundred illustrations and descriptions of twelve-hundred Victor opera records
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: Victor Talking Machine Company Rous, Samuel Holland
Subjects: Operas
Publisher: Camden, N.J. : Victor Talking Machine Co.
Contributing Library: Harold B. Lee Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Brigham Young University

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for his opportunity. He sings, beginning the quartet:Duke: Fairest daughter of the graces,I thy humble slave implore thee,With one tender word to joy restore me,End the pangs, the pangs of unrequited love.Of my anguish see the traces,Thee I treasure all above.With one tender word to joy restore me,End the pangs, the pangs of unrequited love!Maddalena (repulsing him) :I appreciate you rightly,All you say is but to flatter.Ah, I laugh to think how manyYet your tender tale may move!Rigoletto, who desires to prove to Gilda that her loveris false, bids her look through the window of the inn atthe scene within. The unhappy girl, convinced, exclaims:Gilda: Ah, to speak of love thus lightly!Words like these to me were spoken,He is false; my heart is broken!Kigoletto: Silence, thy tears will not avail thee,It were baseness to regret him!Thou must shun him and forget him.(With fierce joy.)Thy avenger I will proveThe strength to punish will not fail me That I vow to every power that rules above!
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DUPONT HOMER AS MADDALENA * Double-Faced Record—Set page 430. 428 VICTROLA BOOK OF THE OPERA — VERDIS RIGOLETTO The Duke now goes to his bedroom and is soon asleep. Rigoletto bids his daughter goto Verona with all speed and he will meet her there. She reluctantly departs and Rigo-letto pays Sparafucile half his price, the remainder to be paid on the delivery of thebody of the Duke at midnight. Rigoletto goes away just as Gilda, who has disobeyed herfather, returns and tries to see what is going on inside the house. Sparafucile enters thehouse and Maddalena, who has taken a fancy to the Duke, begs her brother to spare hislife, delicately suggesting that he kill Rigoletto and take the money from him. Spara-fucile is indignant and pro-tests that he has never yetfailed in his duty to his em-ployers. Maddalena pleadswith him and he finally saysif another guest should enterhe will kill him instead ofthe Duke. Sparafucile: If some one should enter eremidnight has sounded, I promise that

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Homer as Amneris in Aida

Identifier: victrolabookofop00vict (find matches)
Title: The Victrola book of the opera : stories of one hundred and twenty operas with seven-hundred illustrations and descriptions of twelve-hundred Victor opera records
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: Victor Talking Machine Company Rous, Samuel Holland
Subjects: Operas
Publisher: Camden, N.J. : Victor Talking Machine Co.
Contributing Library: Harold B. Lee Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Brigham Young University

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mabbandona (All Thought of Hate) By Maria Baldini, Soprano (In Italian) Su bianca nuvoletta (On Yon White Cloud) By Maria Baldini, Soprano (In Italian) Gathering the fatal flowers, she inhales their perfume, sadly saying: Farewell, my Vasco,I forgive thee, and is soon overcome and sinks unconscious beneath the tree. Nelus^o, whohas come in search of her, finds her dying; and in a frenzy of grief, also inhales the deadlyblossoms and falls lifeless by her side. DOUBLE-FACED LAFRICAINE RECORDS By La Scala Orchestral ,fio2_By La Scala Orchestra) rarcia Indiana (Indian March)Traoiata—Preludio(Adamastor, re dell onde profonde (Adamastor, Ruler of theOcean) By Francesco Cigada, Baritone (In Italian Sei langiol diletto (Oh, Guardian Angel!) By TinaFarelli, Soprano; G. Martinez-Patti, Tenor (In Italian)) !Dio che la terra venera (Thou Whom the UniverseAdores !) By La Scala Chorus (In Italian) (62614 Preludio—Atto III By La Scala Orchestra) 12-inch, $1.25 62407 10-inch, .75 10-inch, .75 if,
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(Italian) AIDA (Ah-ee-dah) OPERA IN FOUR ACTS Text translated from the French of Locle by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Music by GiuseppeVerdi. First produced in Cairo, December 24, 1871 ; at La Scala, Milan, under the direc-tion of the composer himself, February 8, 1872; at Naples in March, 1872 ; at Parma, April,1872 ; Berlin, 1874; in Paris, at the Theatre Italien, April 22, 1876; revived at the same theatrein 1878; and given at the Opera, March 22, 1880, where it has since been one of the mostpopular of all operas. First London production at Covent Garden, June 22, 1876; producedat St. Petersburg, in Russian, 1879. First performance in America at the Academy ofMusic, New York, November 26, 1873, the cast including Torriani, Cary, Campanini andMaurel. Produced in Philadelphia, December 12, 1873; and at the New Orleans Opera,December 6, 1878. The opera has always been a favorite one in America, and holds theMetropolitan Opera record for the largest number of performances. In 1904 Caruso made

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Louise Homer in "Mona"

Identifier: morechaptersofop00kreh (find matches)
Title: More chapters of opera : being historical and critical observations and records concerning the lyric drama in New York from 1908 to 1918
Year: 1919 (1910s)
Authors: Krehbiel, Henry Edward, 1854-1923
Subjects: Opera
Publisher: New York : H. Holt and company
Contributing Library: Harold B. Lee Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Brigham Young University

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of loveand AllHer falser self slipt from her like a robe,And left her woman, lovelier in her moodThan in her mould that other when she cameFrom barren deeps to conquer all with love. But even here it requires but a word to loose the fanaticaldemon within her. Gwynn had pleaded his love and wonher to a confession of tenderness. He is glad and wishesher to know that she has fashioned her countrys happinesswith her own: Gwynn: This nightThou hast saved Britain! Mona:Britain. . . . Let me go! It was only as an opera composer that Professor Parkerwas a novice, and since the production of Mona he haswritten another opera which had a production before a gath-ering of musical clubs in Los Angeles, California. Of itsmusic I shall not speak, for, though it marked a materialdeparture from that of Mona, I have but seen it on theprinted page, and only hearing is believing in the art ofsounds. Before he essayed the dramatic field, however, hehad written much and well in nearly all the forms, large
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Louise HomerIn Mona PROFESSOR PARKERS METHODS 263 and small, except the symphony, his only essay in this de-partment, I believe, having been made in his student daysat Munich nearly a generation ago. In all this music,whether vocal or instrumental, he had been a frank andgraceful melodist, a respecter of form, and a masterly con-trapuntist. It surprised his friends not a little, therefore,that in his first adventure in the operatic field he was willingto forego to a large extent his characteristic lyricism andin its place to substitute dramatic declamation over an or-chestral part restless in ever-shifting tonality. At timesthis orchestral part achieved symphonic consistency andfluency and rose to eloquence in the climacteric moments,as in the love duet, the final speech of Mona, and when pro-pelled by the rhythmic pulses of the Roman march itbrought agreeable and much-needed energy into the score,which had suffered from long stretches of monotony im-posed by the interminable dialogue

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Title: The Victrola book of the opera : stories of one hundred and twenty operas with seven-hundred illustrations and descriptions of twelve-hundred Victor opera records
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: Victor Talking Machine Company Rous, Samuel Holland
Subjects: Operas
Publisher: Camden, N.J. : Victor Talking Machine Co.
Contributing Library: Harold B. Lee Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Brigham Young University

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107 Ernani 109 Eugene Onegin 119 Falstaff 121 Faust 123 Favorita, La 148 Fidelio 153 Flauto Magico 271 Fledermaus 155 Flying Dutchman 157 Force of Destiny 164 Forza del Destino, La . . . .164 Fra Diavolo 168 Freischutz, Der 1 70 Germania 174 Gioconda, La 177 Gotterdammerung 185 Goyescas 192 Griselidis 194 Guarany, II 196 Guglielmo Tell 544 Guillaume Tell 544 Hamlet 197 Hansel and Gretel 201 Hernani 109 Herodiade, Herodias .... 204 Huguenots, Les 208 Iris 216 Jewels of the Madonna 218 Juggler of Notre Dame . . . 220 King of Lahore, The 436 King of Ys 437 Konigskinder 222 LAfricana, L*Africaine ... 11 Lakme • 227 Lily of Killarney . . . .231Linda di Chamounix ... 232 Lobetanz 233 Lohengrin 235 Lombardi, I 247 Louise 249 Lucia di Lammermoor .... 250Lucrezia Borgia 260 Macbeth 263 Madama Butterfly 264 Madeleine 270 Magic Flute, The , 271 Manon (Massenet) . . . .276 Manon Lescaut (Puccini) . 285 (Index continued on page 5) lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHillllilllllll! \\ II f —IS
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JtIUOX* continued Maritana 289 Marriage of Figaro 291 Martha, Marta 297 Masked Ball 304 Mefistofele (Mephistopheles) 310 Meistersinger, Die 315 Mignon 324 Mikado 329 Mireille 332 Nabucco 334 Natoma 336 Norma 338 Nozze di Figaro 291 Oberon 342 Orfeo ed Euridice 344 Orpheus and Eurydice 344 Otello 347 Pagliacci 351 Parsifal 365 Patience 382 Pearl Fishers 384 Pearl of Brazil 389 Pecheurs de Perles, Les . 384Pescatori di Perle .... 384Pinafore ...••.... 390 Pique Dame 392 Pirates of Penzance 393 Players, The 351 Prince Igor 395 Prof eta, Prophete 398 Prophet, The 398 Puritani, I 402 Puritans, The 402 Queen of Sheba (Goldmark) 405Queen of Sheba (Gounod) 406 Regina di Saba 405 Re Pastore, II 408 Rheingold, Das 409 Rigoletto 416 Rinaldo • . 431 Robert le Diable 432 Robert the Devil 432 Robin Hood 434 Roi de Lahore, Le 436 RoidYs 437 Romeo and Juliet 440 Rosenkavalier 448 Samson and Delilah .... 450 Segreto di Susanna 455 Semiramide 456 Shepherd King, The . . 408 Sicilian Vespers 529 Si

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Identifier: victrolabookofop00vict (find matches)
Title: The Victrola book of the opera : stories of one hundred and twenty operas with seven-hundred illustrations and descriptions of twelve-hundred Victor opera records
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: Victor Talking Machine Company Rous, Samuel Holland
Subjects: Operas
Publisher: Camden, N.J. : Victor Talking Machine Co.
Contributing Library: Harold B. Lee Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Brigham Young University

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others. They recognize the seal of Margaretof Valois, and cast looks of envy at him as he follows the page. ACT II SCENE—Castle and Gardens of ChenonceauxThe Queen is seated on a kind of throne surrounded by her maids, who, with Urbano,are assisting in her toilet. She rises and sings hergreat air in praise of fair Touraine. O, vago suol della TurennaLand of Touraine) (Fair By Frieda Hempel, Soprano (In French) 88382 12-inch, $3.00 By Giuseppina Huguet, Soprano (In Italian) *35123 12-inch, 1.25 Queen: Oh, lovely land of fair Touraine! Thy vine-clad hills, thy sparkling fountains, Thy green banks and thy murmring zephyrs, All fill my soul with peace and love! Yet, for a difference in belief, This fair scene may by war be staind! Oh, that men would observe the moral, To love and fear the all-powerful Being! But hence with sorrow! Care we will banish; Quick, let it vanish, far, far away! In the land where I reign, From the mount to the main, All re-echo the strain Thats devoted to love!
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COPYT OUPONT HOMER AS THE PAGE *Double-Faced Record—See page 215. 211 VICTROLA BOOK OF THE OPERA—THE HUGUENOTS

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Identifier: victrolabookofop00vict (find matches)
Title: The Victrola book of the opera : stories of one hundred and twenty operas with seven-hundred illustrations and descriptions of twelve-hundred Victor opera records
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: Victor Talking Machine Company Rous, Samuel Holland
Subjects: Operas
Publisher: Camden, N.J. : Victor Talking Machine Co.
Contributing Library: Harold B. Lee Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Brigham Young University

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he Theatre Lyrique, Paris,November 19, 1859, when Pauline Viardot restored the Italian contralto version. FirstLondon production at Covent Garden, June 26, 1770. Some notable revivals were duringthe Winter Garden season of 1863; in 1885 (in German), by the Metropolitan Opera underWalter Damrosch; the English production in 1886 by the National Opera Company; theAbbey revival in Italian in 1892; and the Gatti-Casazza production of 1910, with Homer,Gadski and Gluck. Twenty performances have been given at the Metropolitan since thattime. Cast ORPHEUS Contralto EURIDICE Soprano LOVE Soprano A Happy Shade Soprano Shepherds and Shepherdesses, Furies and Demons, Heroes andHeroines in Hades. This opera, which has been called Glucks incomparable masterpiece, and of whichthe great Fetis wrote, it is one of the most beautiful productions of genius, may beproperly termed a purely classical music drama. The music is exquisite in its delicacy and 344 VICTROLA BOOK OF THE OPERA—ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE
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HOMER AND GADSKI AS ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE bids her follow him. grace, while the story is an interesting and affect-ing one. Orpheus may be called the grandfatherof grand opera, it being the oldest work of itskind to hold its place on the stage, the first repre-sentation occurring one hundred and fifty yearsago. The opera has had only one adequate Ameri-can production previous to the recent Metropolitanrevival, and that was during the American OperaCompany season of 1886—the Abbey revival of1892 meeting with but indifferent success. Suchhas been the interest aroused by the recent per-formances, that it is likely to be heard quitefrequently in the future. The story concerns the Greek poet Orpheus,who grieves deeply over the death of his wifeEuridice, and finally declares he will enter therealms of Pluto and search for her among thespirits of the departed. The goddess Love appearsand promises to aid him, on condition that whenhe has found Euridice he -will return to earthwithout once lo

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