Liste von Versuchsflugzeugen
Dies ist eine Liste von Versuchsflugzeugen, wovon die meisten bei ihrem Entwurf als experimentell eingestuft wurden. Diese Liste beinhaltet Maschinen, die nicht in Serienproduktion gingen oder die signifikante Modifikationen von Serienmaschinen darstellen.
US-amerikanische Versuchsflugzeuge
X-Flugzeuge
Die X-Serie besteht aus einer Reihe von Flugzeugen und Raketen, mit denen neue Technologien getestet wurden und werden. Die Maschinen waren zum Teil bemannt, zum Teil unbemannt. Einige dieser Entwicklungen unterlagen strenger Geheimhaltung.
Das erste X-Flugzeug, die Bell X-1, wurde speziell dafür konstruiert, die Schallmauer zu durchbrechen, was 1947 erstmals gelang. Ebenfalls bekannt geworden ist die North American X-15.
Die Boeing X-32 und die Lockheed Martin X-35 waren Testentwicklungen für den Joint Strike Fighter und unterscheiden sich darin von den anderen X-Flugzeugen, die nie zur Serienproduktion geplant waren.
Die X-Flugzeuge numerisch sortiert:
| Bell X-1 | Northrop X-21 | X-41 |
| Bell X-2 | Bell X-22 | X-42 |
| Douglas X-3 | Martin-Marietta X-23 | Boeing X-43 |
| Northrop X-4 | Martin-Marietta X-24 | Lockheed Martin X-44 |
| Bell X-5 | Bensen X-25 | Boeing X-45 |
| Convair X-6 | Schweizer X-26 | Boeing X-46 |
| Lockheed X-7 | Lockheed X-27 | Northrop Grumman X-47 |
| Aerojet General X-8 | Pereira X-28 | Boeing X-48 |
| Bell X-9 | Grumman X-29 | Sikorsky Piasecki X-49 |
| North American X-10 | Rockwell X-30 | Boeing X-50 |
| Convair X-11 | Rockwell-MBB X-31 | Boeing X-51 |
| Convair X-12 | Boeing X-32 | freibleibend: X-52 |
| Ryan X-13 | Lockheed Martin X-33 | Boeing X-53 |
| Bell X-14 | Orbital Sciences X-34 | Gulfstream X-54 |
| North American X-15 | Lockheed Martin X-35 | Lockheed Martin X-55 |
| Bell X-16 | McDonnell Douglas X-36 | Lockheed Martin X-56 |
| Lockheed X-17 | Boeing X-37 | NASA X-57 |
| Hiller X-18 | Scaled Composites X-38 | (Nummer nicht besetzt, anscheinend zugewiesen an Kratos XQ-58A) |
| Curtiss-Wright X-19 | (Reserviert für USAF/DARPA-Programm) X-39 | Lockheed Martin X-59 |
| Boeing X-20 | Boeing X-40 |
Versuchsflugzeuge, die als Bombenflugzeuge geplant waren
Nachstehend sind Versuchsflugzeuge aufgelistet, die eigentlich als Bomber geplant waren, aber nicht über das Prototypenstadium (X-Bezeichnung) hinaus für ihre zugedachte Aufgabe weiter entwickelt wurden. Diese Flugzeuge wurden für Machbarkeitsstudien, Triebwerksversuche oder für generelle Untersuchungen im Bereich der Luftfahrttechnik eingesetzt.
- North American XB-28 Dragon (geplante B-25-Version mit Druckkabine)
- Northrop XB-35 (Nurflügel-Erprobungsträger)
- Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster
- Douglas XB-43 Jetmaster
- Northrop YB-49 (Nurflügel-Erprobungsträger)
- Martin XB-51
- Convair YB-60
- North American XB-70
Weitere Versuchsflugzeuge
Die Jahresangaben stehen jeweils für den Erstflug, beziehungsweise die erstmalige Vorstellung, der einzelnen Modelle.
| Northrop M2-F2 (1966) | ||
| Douglas D-558-I Skystreak (1945) | Northrop M2-F3 (1970) | |
| Convair XF-92 (1948) | Bell XV-15 (1977) | |
| Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket (1948) | Lockheed Have Blue (1977) | |
| Bell XV-3 (1955) | Northrop Tacit Blue (1982) | |
| Goodyear Inflatoplane (1956) | Boeing McDonnell Douglas Bird of Prey (1992) | |
| Fairchild VZ-5 (1959) | ||
| NASA M2-F1 (1963) | Scaled Composites Boomerang (1996) | |
| North American XB-70 (1964) | Scaled Composites Proteus (1998) | |
| Northrop HL-10 (1966) |
Deutsche Versuchsflugzeuge
(c) Softeis, CC BY-SA 3.0
Neben einigen Entwicklungen während des Dritten Reiches sind vor allem die Do 31 und die VJ-101C bemerkenswert. Die Do 31 war das erste und einzige senkrechtstartende Transportflugzeug, die VJ-101C war der erste senkrechtstartende Überschalljet.
| Heinkel He 178 (1939) | ||
| DFS 228 (1944) | ||
| Horten H IX (1945) | ||
| DFS 346 (1948) | ||
| FWD 152 (1958) | ||
| EWR VJ 101 (1963) | ||
| Dornier Do 31 (1967) | ||
| VFW-Fokker VAK 191 B (1971) | ||
| Rockwell-MBB X-31 (1990) |
Französische Versuchsflugzeuge
| Aérospatiale Ludion (1967) | ||
| Nord 1601 (1950) | ||
| Leduc 0.10 (1947) | ||
| Leduc 0.21 (1953) | ||
| Leduc 0.22 (1956) | ||
| Nord 1500 (1955) |
Italienische Versuchsflugzeuge
| Macchi M.26 (1924) | ||
| Piaggio P.7 (1928) | ||
| Stipa-Caproni (1932) | ||
| Bossi-Bonomi Pedaliante (1936) | ||
| Jona J.6 (1936) | ||
| SAI-Ambrosini S.S.4 (1939) | ||
| S.C.A. SS.3 Anitra (1939) | ||
| Campini-Caproni C.C.2 (1940) | ||
| Piaggio P.111 (1941) | ||
| Piaggio P.150 (1952) | ||
| Ambrosini Sagittario (1953) | ||
| Lualdi-Tassotti ES 53 (1953) |
Sowjetische Versuchsflugzeuge
| Antonow An-181 (1991) | ||
| Mikojan-Gurewitsch I-230 (1943) | ||
| Mikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-8 (1945) | ||
| Florow 4302 (1946) | ||
| Mikojan-Gurewitsch I-270 (1946) | ||
| Mikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-105 (1965) | ||
| Beresnjak 346 (1949) | ||
| Tupolew Tu-80/85 (1949) | ||
| Tupolew Tu-98 (1956) | ||
| Tupolew Tu-116 (1957) (für Tu-114) | ||
| Berijew R-1 (1952) | ||
| Mikojan-Gurewitsch Je-8 (1962) | ||
| Jakowlew Jak-36 (1963) | ||
| Mikojan-Gurewitsch Je-266 (1965) | ||
| Mil W-7 (1962) | ||
| Mil Mi-PSW (2015) | ||
| Ekranoplan (1971) | ||
| Suchoi T-4 (1972) |
Britische Versuchsflugzeuge
| Gloster E.28/39 (1941) | ||
| Avro 707 (1947) | ||
| Hawker P.1052 (1948) | ||
| Hawker P.1072 (1950) | ||
| Hawker P.1081 (1950) | ||
| Hunting H.126 (1963) | ||
| Short SB.5 (1963) | ||
| Bristol Type 173 (1952) | ||
| Bristol Type 188 (1962) | ||
| Boulton Paul P.111 (1950) | ||
| Boulton Paul P.120 (1952) | ||
| Fairey Delta 2 (1956) |
Ungarische Versuchsflugzeuge
Die Lloyd LS-1 stellte 1915 gleich vier Höhenflugrekorde auf.
| Lloyd LS-x (1915) |
Schweizerische Versuchsflugzeuge
| Altenrhein P-16 |
| Eidgenössische Flugzeugwerke Emmen N-20 |
| Pilatus SB-2 (1944) |
| Pilatus P-4 (1948) |
| Pilatus PC-8D (1967) |
Weitere aus diversen Staaten
- Honda MH02 (1992)
Siehe auch
Weblinks
Commons: Experimentalflugzeug – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
Auf dieser Seite verwendete Medien
X43a2 nasa scramjet.jpg
An artist's conception of the X-43A Hypersonic Experimental Vehicle, or "Hyper-X" in flight. The X-43A was developed to flight test a dual-mode ramjet/scramjet propulsion system at speeds from Mach 7 up to Mach 10 (7 to 10 times the speed of sound, which varies with temperature and altitude).
An artist's conception of the X-43A Hypersonic Experimental Vehicle, or "Hyper-X" in flight. The X-43A was developed to flight test a dual-mode ramjet/scramjet propulsion system at speeds from Mach 7 up to Mach 10 (7 to 10 times the speed of sound, which varies with temperature and altitude).
Douglas-X3.jpg
This early 1950's in-flight NACA High-Speed Flight Station photograph of the X-3 Stiletto illustrates the aircraft’s long slender fuselage and the small wings. The X-3 Stiletto was a single-place jet-powered research aircraft manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company. The X-3's primary mission was to investigate the design features of an aircraft suitable for sustained supersonic speeds, which included the first use of titanium in major airframe components. It was delivered to the NACA High-Speed Flight Station in August of 1954 after some Douglas and United States Air Force evaluation testing.
This early 1950's in-flight NACA High-Speed Flight Station photograph of the X-3 Stiletto illustrates the aircraft’s long slender fuselage and the small wings. The X-3 Stiletto was a single-place jet-powered research aircraft manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company. The X-3's primary mission was to investigate the design features of an aircraft suitable for sustained supersonic speeds, which included the first use of titanium in major airframe components. It was delivered to the NACA High-Speed Flight Station in August of 1954 after some Douglas and United States Air Force evaluation testing.
Caproni foto.jpg
Campini-Caproni CC-2 aircraft
Campini-Caproni CC-2 aircraft
Grumman-X29-InFlight.jpg
The No. 2 X-29 technology demonstrator aircraft is seen here during a 1990 test flight. At this angle, the aircraft’s unique forward-swept wing design is clearly visible. The X-29 was flown by NASA's Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility (later redesignated the Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California, in a joint NASA-Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency-Air Force program to investigate the unique design's high-angle-of-attack characteristics and its military utility. Tufts -- small strips of cloth attached to the surface of the aircraft to visually study the flow of air over the aircraft -- can be seen on the aft fuselage, wing, and tail surfaces of the X-29 in this photo. Angle of attack, or high alpha, refers to the angle of an aircraft's body and wings relative to its actual flight path. This aircraft was flown at Dryden from May 1989 until August 1992.
The No. 2 X-29 technology demonstrator aircraft is seen here during a 1990 test flight. At this angle, the aircraft’s unique forward-swept wing design is clearly visible. The X-29 was flown by NASA's Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility (later redesignated the Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California, in a joint NASA-Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency-Air Force program to investigate the unique design's high-angle-of-attack characteristics and its military utility. Tufts -- small strips of cloth attached to the surface of the aircraft to visually study the flow of air over the aircraft -- can be seen on the aft fuselage, wing, and tail surfaces of the X-29 in this photo. Angle of attack, or high alpha, refers to the angle of an aircraft's body and wings relative to its actual flight path. This aircraft was flown at Dryden from May 1989 until August 1992.
MiG-105 "Spiral" in Monino Air Force Museum.jpg
Autor/Urheber: Die Autorenschaft wurde nicht in einer maschinell lesbaren Form angegeben. Es wird Jno~commonswiki als Autor angenommen (basierend auf den Rechteinhaber-Angaben)., Lizenz: CC BY 2.5
One of MiG-105 "Spiral" in Monino Air Force Museum
Autor/Urheber: Die Autorenschaft wurde nicht in einer maschinell lesbaren Form angegeben. Es wird Jno~commonswiki als Autor angenommen (basierend auf den Rechteinhaber-Angaben)., Lizenz: CC BY 2.5
One of MiG-105 "Spiral" in Monino Air Force Museum
North American X-15.jpg
The North American X-15 aircraft, ship #1 (56-6670), sits on the lakebed early in its illustrious career of high speed flight research. X-15-1, serial number 56-6670, is now located at the National Air and Space museum, Washington DC.
The North American X-15 aircraft, ship #1 (56-6670), sits on the lakebed early in its illustrious career of high speed flight research. X-15-1, serial number 56-6670, is now located at the National Air and Space museum, Washington DC.
P-16 Mk III.jpg
Autor/Urheber: Alexander Flühmann, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
** P-16 Mk III auf dem Militärflugplatz Dübendorf
Autor/Urheber: Alexander Flühmann, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
** P-16 Mk III auf dem Militärflugplatz Dübendorf
Nord 1601 research aircraft in 1950.jpg
The French Nord 1601 aerodynamic research aircraft designed. The aircraft was designed to investigate the aerodynamics of swept wings and related high-lift devices.
The French Nord 1601 aerodynamic research aircraft designed. The aircraft was designed to investigate the aerodynamics of swept wings and related high-lift devices.
XB-70A taking off with TB-58 chase plane.jpg
The XB-70A #1 is seen taking off on a research flight, escorted by a TB-58 chase plane. The TB-58 (a prototype B-58 modified as a trainer) had a dash speed of Mach 2. This allowed it to stay close to the XB-70 as it conducted its research maneuvers. When the XB-70 was flying at or near Mach 3, the slower TB-58 could often keep up with it by flying lower and cutting inside the turns in the XB-70's flight path when these occurred.
The XB-70A #1 is seen taking off on a research flight, escorted by a TB-58 chase plane. The TB-58 (a prototype B-58 modified as a trainer) had a dash speed of Mach 2. This allowed it to stay close to the XB-70 as it conducted its research maneuvers. When the XB-70 was flying at or near Mach 3, the slower TB-58 could often keep up with it by flying lower and cutting inside the turns in the XB-70's flight path when these occurred.
Bell X-1.jpg
The Bell Aircraft Corporation X-1-2 sits on the Rogers Dry Lakebed at Muroc Air Force Base, California in 1949. Some airplane characteristics are:
The Bell Aircraft Corporation X-1-2 sits on the Rogers Dry Lakebed at Muroc Air Force Base, California in 1949. Some airplane characteristics are:
Fuselage length, feet 31.0 Wing span, feet 28.0 Horizontal tail width, feet 11.4
Vertical tail height, feet 8.02 (above center line of plane).