Liste von Erdbeobachtungssatelliten
Dies ist eine Liste von Erdbeobachtungssatelliten. Sie gibt eine kleine Auswahl der tatsächlich gestarteten Satelliten wieder.
Chronologische Übersicht
Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1960er · 1970er · 1980er · 1990er · 2000er · 2010er· 2020er | ||||
Startdatum | Mission | Bild | Organisation (Land) | Bemerkung |
---|---|---|---|---|
1960er | ||||
1. April 1960 | TIROS | (USA) | erster Wettersatellit, (weitere 9 Satelliten bis 1965) | |
28. August 1964 | Nimbus 1 | NASA (USA) | (weitere 6 Satelliten bis 1978) | |
28. August 1964 | Kosmos 44 | Sowjetunion | Vorläufer der Meteor-Serie. Weitere 9 Satelliten der Vorserie bis 1968) | |
3. Februar 1966 | ESSA | ESSA (USA) | (weitere 12 Satelliten bis 2004) | |
1. Februar 1969 | Meteor | Sowjetunion | weitere Satelliten bis in die Gegenwart | |
1970er | ||||
8. April 1970 | Nimbus 4 | NASA (USA) | Wettersatellit (Forschung) | |
23. Juli 1972 | Landsat 1 | NASA (USA) | erster Erkundungssatellit für Kartografierung | |
11. Dezember 1972 | Nimbus 5 | NASA (USA) | Wettersatellit (Forschung) | |
22. Januar 1975 | Landsat 2 | NASA (USA) | ||
9. April 1975 | GEOS 3 | NASA (USA) | (Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite) | |
12. Juni 1975 | Nimbus 6 | NASA (USA) | Wettersatellit (Forschung) | |
16. Oktober 1975 | GOES-1 | NOAA (USA) | geostationärer Wettersatellit (operationell) | |
1976 | Kosmos 1076 | Sowjetunion | ||
16. Juni 1977 | GOES-2 | NOAA (USA) | geostationärer Wettersatellit (operationell) | |
23. November 1977 | Meteosat-1 | EUMETSAT | ||
5. März 1978 | Landsat 3 | NASA (USA) | ||
26. April 1978 | Explorer 58 | NASA (USA) | (Applications Explorer Mission-1 / HCMM: Heat Capacity Mapping Mission) | |
16. Juni 1978 | GOES-3 | NOAA (USA) | geostationärer Wettersatellit (operationell) | |
27. Juni 1978 | Seasat | NASA (USA) | ||
24. Oktober 1978 | Nimbus 7 | NASA (USA) | erster Satellit zur globalen Umweltüberwachung | |
18. Februar 1979 | Explorer 60 | NASA (USA) | (Applications Explorer Mission-2 (AEM-2), SAGE) | |
1980er | ||||
1980 | Kosmos 1119 | Sowjetunion | (Okean-E) | |
19. Juni 1981 | Meteosat-2 | EUMETSAT | (Meteorological Satellite) | |
24. August 1981 | NOAA-7 | NOAA (USA) | ||
16. Juli 1982 | Landsat-4 | NASA (USA) | ||
28. März 1983 | NOAA-8 | NOAA (USA) | ||
1. März 1984 | Landsat 5 | NASA (USA) | ||
12. Dezember 1984 | NOAA-9 | NOAA (USA) | ||
12. März 1985 | Geosat | US Navy (USA) | (Geodetic Satellite) | |
24. Oktober 1985 | METEOR 3-01 | Sowjetunion | ||
22. Februar 1986 | SPOT 1 | CNES (Frankreich) | (Système Probatoire d’Observation de la Terre) | |
17. September 1986 | NOAA-10 | NOAA (USA) | ||
16. Februar 1987 | MOS 1a | NASDA (Japan) | (Marine Observation Satellite, auch: Momo 1a) | |
17. März 1988 | IRS 1A | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite) | |
20. April 1988 | Resurs-O1 | Sowjetunion | ||
5. Juli 1988 | OKEAN 1 | Sowjetunion | ||
26. Juli 1988 | METEOR 3-02 | Sowjetunion | ||
22. September 1988 | NOAA-11 | NOAA (USA) | ||
6. März 1989 | Meteosat-4 | EUMETSAT | ||
24. Oktober 1989 | METEOR 3-03 | Sowjetunion | ||
1990er | ||||
22. Januar 1990 | SPOT 2 | CNES (Frankreich) | (Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre) | |
7. Februar 1990 | MOS 1b | NASDA (Japan) | (Marine Observation Satellite, auch: Momo 1b) | |
2. März 1991 | Meteosat-5 | EUMETSAT | (Meteorological Satellite) | |
17. Juli 1991 | ERS-1 | ESA | (European Remote Sensing Satellite) | |
29. August 1991 | IRS 1B | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite) | |
15. September 1991 | UARS | NASA (USA) | (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite) | |
11. Februar 1992 | JERS-1 | NASDA (Japan) | (Japanese Earth Resources Satellite, auch: Fuyo) | |
10. August 1992 | TOPEX/Poseidon | NASA (USA) / CNES (Frankreich) | ||
26. September 1993 | SPOT 3 | CNES (Frankreich) | (Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre) | |
20. November 1993 | Meteosat-6 | EUMETSAT | (Meteorological Satellite) | |
25. Januar 1994 | Meteor 3-06 | Russland | ||
15. Oktober 1994 | IRS P2 | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite) | |
3. April 1995 | Orbview 1 /MicroLab-1 | Orbimage (USA) | erster privat entwickelter und betriebener Erdbeobachtungssatellit. (Optical Transient Detector OTD) | |
21. April 1995 | ERS-2 | ESA | (European Remote Sensing Satellite) | |
31. August 1995 | Sich-1 | NSAU (Ukraine) | ||
4. November 1995 | RADARSAT-1 | CSA (Kanada) | ||
28. Dezember 1995 | IRS 1C | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite) | |
21. März 1996 | IRS P3 | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite) | |
17. August 1996 | ADEOS-I | NASDA (Japan) | (auch: Midori) | |
1. August 1997 | Orbview-2 | Orbimage (USA) | auch: Seastar, mit SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) | |
3. September 1997 | Meteosat-7 | EUMETSAT | (Meteorological Satellite) | |
29. September 1997 | IRS 1D | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite) | |
27. November 1997 | TRMM | NASA (USA) / NASDA (Japan) | (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) | |
24. Dezember 1997 | EarlyBird | |||
10. Februar 1998 | Geosat Follow-On | US NAVY (USA) | ||
24. März 1998 | SPOT 4 | CNES (Frankreich) | (Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre) | |
15. April 1999 | Landsat 7 | NASA (USA) | ||
26. Mai 1999 | IRS P4 | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, auch: Oceansat 1) | |
19. Juni 1999 | QuikSCAT | NASA (USA) | (Quick Scatterometer) | |
17. Juli 1999 | Okean O | Russland | ||
24. September 1999 | IKONOS | GeoEye Inc. (USA) | ||
14. Oktober 1999 | CBERS-1 | China/ Brasilien | (China-Brazil Earth-Resources Satellite) | |
18. Dezember 1999 | Terra | NASA (USA) | ||
21. Dezember 1999 | KOMPSat 1 | Südkorea | (Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite, auch: Arirang-2 ) | |
2000er | ||||
21. September 2000 | NOAA-16 | NOAA (USA) | ||
6. Dezember 2000 | EROS-A1 | ImageSat International (Israel/USA) | (Earth Resources Observation Systems) | |
18. Oktober 2001 | QuickBird-2 | DigitalGlobe (USA) | ||
22. Oktober 2001 | Proba-1 | ESA | (Project for On-Board Autonomy) | |
7. Dezember 2001 | Jason-1 | NASA (USA) / CNES (Frankreich) | ||
10. Dezember 2001 | METEOR 3M/ Sage III | Russland/ NASA(USA) | (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) | |
1. März 2002 | Envisat | ESA | ||
4. Mai 2002 | Aqua | NASA (USA) | ||
4. Mai 2002 | SPOT 5 | CNES (Frankreich) | (Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre) | |
15. Mai 2002 | Hai Yuang | China | ||
24. Juni 2002 | NOAA-17 | NOAA (USA) | ||
28. August 2002 | Meteosat-8 (MSG-1) | EUMETSAT | (Meteosat Second Generation) | |
12. September 2002 | KALPANA-1 | ISRO (Indien) | (MetSat-1, Meteorological Satellite) | |
12. Dezember 2002 | ADEOS-II | NASDA (Japan) | (ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite, auch: Midori II) | |
12. Januar 2003 | ICESat | NASA (USA) | (Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite) | |
Juni 2003 | Orbview 3 | Orbimage | ||
13. August 2003 | SciSat-1/ACE | CSA (Kanada) | (Science Satellite/Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) | |
17. Oktober 2003 | IRS P6 | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, auch: Resourcesat 1) | |
21. Oktober 2003 | CBERS-2 | China/Brasilien | (China-Brazil Earth-Resources Satellite) | |
15. Juli 2004 | Aura | NASA (USA) | ||
18. Dezember 2004 | PARASOL | CNES (Frankreich) | ||
24. Dezember 2004 | Sich-1M | NSAU (Ukraine) | (Fehlstart) | |
5. Mai 2005 | IRS P5 | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, auch: Cartosat-1) | |
26. August 2005 | Monitor-E | Chrunitschew / Roskosmos (Russland) | ||
8. Oktober 2005 | CryoSat | ESA | (Fehlstart) | |
27. Oktober 2005 | TopSat | |||
21. Dezember 2005 | Meteosat-9 (MSG-2) | EUMETSAT | (Meteosat Second Generation) | |
24. Januar 2006 | ALOS | JAXA (Japan) | (Advanced Land Observing Satellite, auch: Daichi) | |
18. Februar 2006 | MTSAT-2 | Japan | (auch:Himawari ?) | |
25. April 2006 | EROS-B | ImageSat International (Israel/USA) | (Earth Resources Observation Systems) | |
27. April 2006 | YaoGan WeiXing-1 | China | (auch: Remote Sensing Satellite 1, Jian Bing-5 (JB-5)) | |
28. April 2006 | CALIPSO | NASA (USA/ CNES (Frankreich) | (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) | |
28. April 2006 | CloudSat | NASA (USA) | ||
24. Mai 2006 | GOES-N | NOAA (USA) | (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) | |
26. Juli 2006 | BelKA | Weißrussland | (Fehlstart) (etwa: Belaruski Kazmitschnui Aparat – weißrussischer Weltraumapparat) | |
28. Juli 2006 | KOMPSat 2 | Südkorea | (Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite, auch: Arirang-2) | |
5. August 2006 | Resurs-DK1 | Russland | ||
19. Oktober 2006 | MetOp-A | EUMETSAT/ESA | (Meteorological Operational satellite) | |
8. Dezember 2006 | Feng Yun-2D | China | ||
10. Januar 2007 | Cartosat-2 | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-2A) | |
11. April 2007 | Haiyang 1-B | China | ||
25. April 2007 | AIM | NASA (USA) | (Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere) | |
25. Mai 2007 | Yaogan-2 | China | ||
7. Juni 2007 | COSMO-SkyMed-1 | Italien | (Constellation of small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation) | |
15. Juni 2007 | TerraSAR-X | DLR/ EADS Astrium (Deutschland) | ||
18. September 2007 | WorldView-1 | Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation (USA) | ||
19. September 2007 | CBERS-2B | China/Brasilien | (China-Brazil Earth-Resources Satellite) | |
12. November 2007 | Yaogan-3 | China | (auch: Jian Bing-5 2, JB-5 2) | |
9. Dezember 2007 | COSMO-SkyMed-2 | Italien | (Constellation of small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation) | |
14. Dezember 2007 | RADARSAT-2 | CSA (Kanada) | ||
28. April 2008 | Cartosat-2A | ISRO (Indien) | ||
27. Mai 2008 | Feng Yun 3A | China | ||
20. Juni 2008 | OSTM | NASA/ NOAA (USA) / CNES (Frankreich)/ EUMETSAT | (Ocean Surface Topography Mission, auch: Jason–2) | |
29. August 2008 | RapidEye | RapidEye AG (Deutschland) | ||
6. September 2008 | GeoEye 1 | GeoEye (USA) | ||
6. September 2008 | Huanjing-1 | China | ||
1. Oktober 2008 | THEOS | Thailand | (Thailand Earth Observation System) | |
25. Oktober 2008 | COSMO-SkyMed-3 | Italien | (Constellation of small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation) | |
1. Dezember 2008 | YaoGan WeiXing-4 | China | ||
21. Januar 2009 | GOSAT | JAXA (Japan) | (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite, auch: IBUKI) | |
24. Februar 2009 | OCO | NASA (USA) | (Orbiting Carbon Observatory) (Fehlschlag) | |
27. Juni 2009 | GOES-O | NOAA (USA) | (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) | |
7. September 2009 | Meteor-M 1 | Russland | ||
23. September 2009 | OceanSat-2 | ISRO (Indien) | ||
8. Oktober 2009 | WorldView-2 | Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation (USA) | ||
2. November 2009 | SMOS | ESA | (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) | |
2. November 2009 | Proba-2 | ESA | (Project for On-Board Autonomy) | |
2010er | ||||
4. März 2010 | GOES-P | NOAA (USA) | (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) | |
8. April 2010 | CryoSat-2 | ESA | ||
21. Juni 2010 | TanDEM-X | DLR/ EADS Astrium (Deutschland) | ||
20. Januar 2011 | Elektro-L 1 | Russland | (auch: GOMS) | |
4. März 2011 | Glory | NASA (USA) | (Fehlstart) | |
10. Juni 2011 | SAC-D | NASA (USA) / CONAE (Argentinien) | ||
17. August 2011 | Sich-2 | NSAU (Ukraine) | ||
12. Oktober 2011 | Megha-Tropiques | CNES (Frankreich)/ ISRO (Indien) | ||
28. Oktober 2011 | Suomi NPP | NASA (USA) | (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project) | |
17. Dezember 2011 | Pléiades-1A | CNES / Astrium (Frankreich) | (The very-high-resolution constellation) | |
17. Mai 2012 | GCOM-W | JAXA (Japan) | (Global Change Observation Mission-Water) | |
9. September 2012 | SPOT 6 | Astrium | (The high-resolution constellation) | |
2. Dezember 2012 | Pléiades-1B | CNES / Astrium (Frankreich) | (The very-high-resolution constellation) | |
11. März 2013 | Dove-1 | NASA (USA) | erster Testsatellit für die Flock-Konstellation | |
21. April 2013 | Landsat 8 (LDCM) | NASA (USA) | (Landsat Data Continuity Mission) | |
25. Juli 2013 | INSAT-3D | ISRO (Indien) | (Indian geostationary multi-function satellite) | |
9. Dezember 2013 | CBERS-3 | China/Brasilien | (China-Brazil Earth-Resources Satellite; konnte Umlaufbahn nicht erreichen) | |
27. Februar 2014 | GPM | NASA (USA) / JAXA (Japan) | (Global Precipitation Measurement) | |
3. April 2014 | Sentinel-1A | (c) Rama, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr | EU/ESA | |
7. Oktober 2014 | Himawari 8 | Japan | Wettersatellit | |
7. Dezember 2014 | CBERS-4 | China/Brasilien | (China-Brazil Earth-Resources Satellite) | |
31. Januar 2015 | SMAP | NASA (USA) | (Soil Moisture Active Passive) | |
11. Februar 2015 | DCVOVR | NASA (USA) | (Deep Space Climate Observatory) | |
25. März 2015 | KOMPSat 3A | Südkorea | (Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite) | |
23. Juni 2015 | Sentinel-2A | (c) Rama, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr | EU/ESA | |
16. März 2016 | Sentinel-3A | EU/ESA | ||
19. November 2016 | GOES 16 (GOES-R) | NOAA (USA) | (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) | |
16. Dezember 2016 | CYGNSS | NASA (USA) | (Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System) | |
7. März 2017 | Sentinel-2B | (c) Rama, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr | EU/ESA | |
24. August 2017 | Formosat-5 | NSPO (Taiwan) | ||
9. Oktober 2017 | VRSS-2 | Venezuela | ||
13. Oktober 2017 | Sentinel-5P | ESA | ||
23. Dezember 2017 | GCOM-C | JAXA (Japan) | ||
25. April 2018 | Sentinel-3B | EU/ESA | ||
22. August 2018 | ADM-Aeolus | ESA | (Atmospheric Dynamics Mission) | |
15. September 2018 | ICESat-2 | NASA (USA) | (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite) | |
29. Oktober 2018 | CFOSat | |||
21. Februar 2019 | EgyptSat-A | Ägypten | ||
22. März 2019 | PRISMA | ASI (Italien) | (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa) | |
12. Juni 2019 | Radarsat Constellation | Kanada | ||
25. Juni 2019 | Formosat 7 | NSPO (Taiwan) / NOAA (USA) | ||
20. Dezember 2019 | CBERS-4A | China/Brasilien | (China-Brazil Earth-Resources Satellite) | |
2020er | ||||
30. August 2020 | SAOCOM 1B | Argentinien | (Satélite Argentino de Observación COn Microondas) | |
3. September 2020 | NEMO-HD | Slowenien/Kanada | (Nanosatellite for Earth Monitoring and Observation – High Definition) | |
17. November 2020 | Ingenio | Spanien | (Fehlstart) | |
21. November 2020 | Sentinel-6 | (c) ESA - P. Carril, CC BY-SA IGO 3.0 | ESA, NASA, EUMETSAT, NOOA | |
1. April 2022 | EnMAP | GFZ/DLR (Deutschland) | (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program) | |
13. Dezember 2022 | MTG-I | EUMETSAT | (Meteosat Third Generation-Imaging) | |
16. Dezember 2022 | SWOT | NASA (USA) /CNES (Frankreich) | erste globale Untersuchung des Oberflächenwassers der Erde | |
ca. 2024 | EarthCARE | ESA/JAXA | 7. Earth-Explorer-Mission | |
ca. 2024 | Biomass | ESA | 8. Earth-Explorer-Mission | |
ca. 2025 | ALTIUS | ESA | (Atmospheric Limb Tracker for Investigation of the Upcoming Stratosphere) |
Geordnet nach Fernerkundungsinstrument
Nichtabbildende aktive Systeme
Mikrowellenaltimeter (Höhenmesser): Fernerkundung der Meeresoberfläche
- 1975 – GEOS 3 (erstes Satelliten-Altimeter)
- 1978 – Seasat (bis 10. Oktober 1978)
- 1985 – Geosat
- 1991 – ERS-1 (bis 10. März 2000), (Altimeter = Hauptmessgerät)
- 1992 – TOPEX/Poseidon (bis 18. Januar 2006), (Altimeter = Hauptmessgerät)
- 1995 – ERS-2 (Altimeter = Hauptmessgerät)
- 1998 – GFO (Geosat Follow-On) Nachfolger von Geosat
- 2001 – Jason-1 (Nachfolger von TOPEX/Poseidon), (Altimeter = Hauptmessgerät)
- 2002 – Envisat (Nachfolger von ERS)
- 2008 – Jason-2
- 2010 – CryoSat-2
Laser Altimeter
- 2003 – ICESat, Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS)
LIDAR: Erforschung von Wolken und Aerosolen
- 2006 – CALIPSO, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)
- 2018 – ADM-Aeolus, Atmospheric Laser Doppler Lidar Instrument (ALADIN)
- 2024 (geplant) – EarthCARE, Backscatter Lidar (ATLID)
Scatterometer (Streustrahlungsmesser): Erforschung von Luftbewegungen über dem Meer
- 1978 – Seasat
- 1991 – ERS-1, Active Microwave Instrument (AMI)
- 1995 – ERS-2, Active Microwave Instrument (AMI)
- 1996 – ADEOS-I, NSCAT – NASA Scatterometer
- 1999 – QuikSCAT, (SeaWinds)
- 2002 – ADEOS-II, (SeaWinds)
- 2006 – MetOp-A, Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT)
Abbildende aktive Systeme
Radar mit synthetischer Apertur (SAR)
- 1978 – Seasat (bis 10. Oktober 1978)
- 1987 – Kosmos 1870 (Almaz-T2/Resurs-R)
- 1991 – Almaz 1 (Almaz-T3/Resurs-R)
- 1991 – ERS-1 (bis 10. März 2000), Active Microwave Instrument (AMI)
- 1992 – JERS-1 (bis 1998)
- 1995 – ERS-2, Active Microwave Instrument (AMI)
- 1995 – RADARSAT-1
- 2002 – Envisat, Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR)
- 2007 – TerraSAR
Abbildende passive Systeme
Hyperspektrale Scanner (Spektrometer mit ca. 15 bis 200 Spektralbändern)
- 1999 – Terra, MODIS (= Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), 36 Spektralbänder
- 2000 – EO-1, Hyperion, 220 Spektralbänder
- 2001 – Proba-1, CHRIS, 60 Spektralbänder
- 2002 – Envisat, MERIS (MEdium Resolution Imaging Specrometer), 15 Spektralbänder
- 2002 – Aqua, MODIS (=Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), 36 Spektralbänder
- 2019 – Prisma, 239 Spektralbänder
- 2022 – EnMAP, 200 Spektralbänder
Multispektrallinienscanner zur Messung der Ozeanfarbe (global)
- 1978 – Nimbus-7, Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) bis 1986
- 1996 – IRS P3, Modularer Optischer Scanner (MOS) bis 2004
- 1996 – ADEOS-I (Midori), Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) bis 1997
- 1997 – Orbview-2 (Seastar), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS)
- 2002 – Envisat, MEdium Resolution Imaging Specrometer (MERIS)
- 2002 – Aqua, Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
- 2016, 2018 – Sentinel-3, Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)
Beispiele nach Untersuchungsthema
Untersuchung des Strahlungshaushalts der Erde
- 1978 – Nimbus 7, Earth Radiation Budget Instrument (ERB)
- 1984 – Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS), Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)
- 1984 – NOAA-9, Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)
- 1986 – NOAA-10, Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)
- 1994 – Meteor 3-06, ScaRaB
- 1997 – TRMM, Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
- 1999 – Terra, Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
- 2002 – Aqua, Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
- 2002 – Meteosat-8 (MSG-1), Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB)
- 2005 – Meteosat-9 (MSG-2), Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB)
Untersuchung der Ozonschicht
- 1975 – Explorer 55 (Atmosphere Explorer-E), Backscatter UV Spectrometer
- 1978 – Nimbus 7, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)/Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument (SBUV)
- 1981 – SME (Solar Mesosphere Explorer)
- 1983 – Advanced Tiros N/ NOAA 8, Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV), (auch auf nachfolgenden NOAA-Satelliten)
- 1991 – Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS)
- 1991 – METEOR 3-05, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)
- 1995 – ERS-2, Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)
- 1996 – Earth Probe, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)
- 1996 – ADEOS I (Midori), Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)
- 2002 – Envisat, Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS)
- 2003 – SCISAT
- 2004 – Aura, Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)
- 2006 – MetOp-A, Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2)
Untersuchung der Aerosoldichte der Atmosphäre
- 1978 – TIROS-N, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
- 1978 – Nimbus 7, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) (weitere Satelliten mit TOMS s. o.)
- 1981 – NOAA-7, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR-2) (weitere 10 Satelliten mit AVHRR bis 2002)
- 1991 – ERS-1, Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR)
- 1995 – ERS-2, Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR)
- 1996 – ADEOS I (Midori), POLDER (erster Satellitensensor speziell für Messungen von Aerosolen)/ OCTS
- 1999 – Terra, CERES, MISR, MODIS
- 2002 – ADEOS-II (Midori-II), Global Imager (GLI)
Chemische Zusammensetzung der oberen Atmosphäre
- 1978 – Nimbus 7, Stratospheric Aerosol Mission (SAM II)
- 1979 – Applications Explorer Mission-2 (AEM-2), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE)
- 1984 – Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS), SAGE II
- 1991 – Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS)
- 1999 – Terra, Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere sensor (MOPITT)
- 2001 – Sage III/ METEOR 3M – SAGE III
- 2002 – Envisat, Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY)
Weitere Parameter
- globale Niederschlagsrate: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (nur Tropen), Global Precipitation Measurement
- Salzgehalt des oberflächennahen Meerwassers: Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity, Aquarius
- Bodenfeuchtigkeit: Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity
- globale Blitzortung: MicroLab-1, Optical Transient Detector (OTD); TRMM, Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS); GOES-R, Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM); Lightning Mapper Sensor (LMS)
Siehe auch
- Earth Explorer Missions Programm der ESA
- Earth Observing System der NASA
Weblinks
- Lexikon der Fernerkundung
- Astrium Satellitendatenportfolio
- Tabelle von Regional Planetary Image Facility (RPIF): Missionen zur Erde
- eduspace der ESA
- ESA Earth Observation Handbook
- Liste der Erdbeobachtungssatelliten bei ESA eoPortal
- science@nasa-earth (englisch)
- NASA Earth Observatory Homepage:
- EARSC - European Association of Remote Sensing Companies
- Übersicht bei Gunter's Space Page (englisch)
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Geosat Satellite
The Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) Project addresses the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) space weather environmental monitoring objectives by providing measurements of the solar wind magnetic field, and the solar wind plasma ion temperature, velocity and density. NOAA has transferred funds to NASA for the refurbishment of DSCOVR and its solar wind sensors, with NASA acting as the refurbishment/acquisition agent on behalf of NOAA. DSCOVR also includes the NASA Science Mission Directorate funded Earth Science instruments that provide high-resolution whole earth multispectral imagery and earth radiometry data, and the Heliophysics Science sensor that provides measurements of the solar wind electron distribution.
Orginal caption released with the picture: Seasat was the first Earth-orbiting satellite designed for remote sensing of the Earth's oceans and had onboard the first spaceborne synthetic aperture radar.
Autor/Urheber: Vlsergey, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
Resurs-DK1 is a commercial earth observation satellite capable of transmitting high-resolution imagery (up to 0.9 m) to the ground stations as it passes overhead. The spacecraft is operated by NTs OMZ (Russian Research Center for Earth Operative Monitoring).
Übertragung eines Künstlers des NOAA-M Raumfahrzeugs, ein polar-umkreisende Masse Klimabeobachtung Satellit, der globale Daten NOAAs zu den kurzen und weitreichenden Wettervorhersage Systemen zur Verfügung stellt. Produkteinführung des NOAA-M an Bord einer Titan II Rakete trat an Juni 24, 2002, vom Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, USA.
Autor/Urheber: SkywalkerPL, Lizenz: CC BY 4.0
European Space Agency Sentinel-3 satellite.
Artist concept of the CALIPSO satellite
Concept illustration of a satellite of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)
Glory Satellite Artist rendering
TIROS-N Satellit
Artist's rendering of the Terra spacecraft.
Artist concept of the CloudSat satellite
Autor/Urheber: KARI, Lizenz: KOGL Type 1
An artist rendering of the KOMPSAT-2.
Image of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography spacecraft with transparent background.
(c) ESA - P. Carril, CC BY-SA IGO 3.0
Copernicus Sentinel-6 carries a radar altimeter to observe changes in sea-surface topography with centimetre precision, providing insights into global sea levels, the speed and direction of ocean currents and ocean heat storage.
These measurements are not only critical for monitoring our rising seas, but also for climate forecasting, sustainable ocean-resource management, coastal management and environmental protection, the fishing industry, and more.
The large antenna that is shared by both radar and radiometer is SMAP’s most prominent feature. It operates just like a satellite dish, only is much larger, where a reflector collects all of the radio waves which focuses them into the feed horn. The feed horn collects the echoes from the radar and the surface emissions from the ground and sends them to the radar and radiometer electronics for processing. The feed horn is a large cone visible on the outside of the spacecraft. The antenna reflector is a mesh antenna 6 meters (about 20 feet) in diameter.
Artist rendition of the Landsat 1 satellite in space. The Landsat 2 and Landsat 3 satellites were very similar to Landsat 1.
METOP model, Darmstadt, Germany, at the front of the EUMETSAT building.
Taken by me, October 2006.Artist depiction of the Aquarius/SAC-D satellite observatory 657 km (408 miles) above Earth's surface. A collaboration between the space agencies of the U.S. and Argentina, Aquarius/SAC-D was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on June 10, 2011.
Landsat 7 on orbit.
Illustration of the SMS-derived GOES 1/2/3 spacecraft.
Autor/Urheber: DLR, Lizenz: CC BY 3.0
On 14 October 2010, the radar satellite TanDEM-X transitioned to close formation flight with its ‘twin’ TerraSAR-X. This image shows the two satellites flying together – ‘side-by-side’ – 350 metres apart. The two satellites operate in synchronisation and are able to perform simultaneous data acquisitions of the same area.
Artist rendering of the Landsat 8 satellite.
Jason-1 satellite
Autor/Urheber: Rmatt, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
Die RapidEye Satellitenkonstellation bei aufnahme der Erde
Artist rendering of the general design of the Nimbus series of satellites. The solar-panel “wings” move throughout the day to track the Sun during the daylight part of the satellite’s orbit. The 10-foot-tall satellite has the attitude control system on top, separated from a 5-foot-diameter “sensory ring” (center) with scaffolding. The sensory ring holds the batteries and electronics for each of the sensors that are mounted underneath the ring (bottom).
Artist conception of the QuikSCAT satellite
(c) Rama, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr
Model of Sentinel 1 (incomplete, radar antenna is missing)
Autor/Urheber: SkywalkerPL, Lizenz: CC BY 3.0
ESA Sentinel-5P satellite model, cut out on a white background
Überblick über die Satelliten für die Erforschung des Wasser- und Energiehaushalts der Erde
Autor/Urheber: SkywalkerPL, Lizenz: CC BY 3.0
ESA-made model of the Aeolus satellite in scale 1:10, cut out on a white background
Illustration of the ICESat-2 spacecraft on a transparent background.
Aura satellite
Autor/Urheber: Poppy, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
ERS 2 mock-up (real size) from Cité de l'Espace in Toulouse
Autor/Urheber: Tiraden, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Maquette d'un satellite de la constellation Pléiades, au stand du CNES, au salon du Bourget 2019
The main sensors that provided the cloud pictures were television cameras. The TIROS cameras were slow-scan devices that take snapshots of the scene below; one "snapshot" was taken every ten seconds. These were rugged, lightweight devices weighing only about 4.5 pounds (2 kg) including the camera lense. TIROS I was equipped with two cameras. One had a wide angle lense providing views that were approximately 750 miles (1207 km) on a side (with the satellite looking straight down), and a narrow angle camera with a view that was about 80 miles (129 km) on a side.
UARS satellite
This image depicts the GPM Core Observatory satellite orbiting Earth, with several other satellites from the GPM Constellation in the background. Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is an international satellite mission that will set a new standard for precipitation measurements from space, providing the next-generation observations of rain and snow worldwide every three hours.
Artist's concept of NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory.
Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) artist's concept