Liste der britischen Oberbefehlshaber in Indien
Der Oberbefehlshaber in Indien (englisch Commander-in-chief, India) war von 1748 bis 1947 der militärische Führer der britischen Kolonialtruppen in Indien.
Das Amt des Commander-in-Chief, India, wurde im Januar 1748 geschaffen. Dieser war der Oberbefehlshaber der Truppen der Britischen Ostindien-Kompanie. Deren britisches Herrschaftsgebiet in Indien war in drei Verwaltungsbereiche, die Präsidentschaft Bengalen, die Präsidentschaft Madras und die Präsidentschaft Bombay unterteilt, die jeweils eine eigene Armee, die Bengal Army, die Madras Army und die Bombay Army unterhielten. Der Commander-in-Chief in India hatte bis Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts nur den unmittelbaren Oberbefehl über die Bengal Army. Über die Madras Army und die Bombay Army hatte er lediglich eine Aufsichtsfunktion. Das Amt blieb auch erhalten, als durch den Government of India Act 1858 die Oberherrschaft der Britischen Ostindien-Kompanie über Britisch-Indien und die dortigen Truppen auf die britische Krone überging. 1895 wurden die Bengal Army, die Madras Army und die Bombay Army zu einer einzigen Indian Army vereinigt und dem Oberbefehlshaber in Indien die unmittelbare Befehlsgewalt über diese übertragen. Der Oberbefehlshaber in Indien hatte keine direkte Kontrolle über die Landstreitkräfte der indischen Fürstenstaaten (Imperial Service Troops).
Im Rahmen der Teilung Indiens durch den Indian Independence Act 1947 in zwei unabhängige Staaten, die Indische Union und Pakistan, wurde das Amt des britischen Oberbefehlshaber in Indien abgeschafft und der letzte Amtsinhaber, Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck wurde am 15. August 1947 zum Supreme Commander of India and Pakistan ernannt. In dieser Position überwachte er die Aufteilung der Streitkräfte der Britisch-Indiens auf die Indischen Streitkräfte und die Pakistanischen Streitkräfte, wonach auch dieses Amt im November 1948 abgeschafft wurde.
| Oberbefehlshaber in Indien | von | bis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stringer Lawrence | 1748 | 1754 |  |
| John Adlercron | 1754 | 1756 |  |
| Robert Clive | 1756 | 1760 | .jpg) |
| John Caillaud | 1760 | 1760 | |
| John Carnac | 1760 | 1761 | |
| Sir Eyre Coote | 1761 | 1763 |  |
| Thomas Adams | 1763 | 1764 | |
| John Carnac | 1764 | 1764 | |
| Sir Hector Munro | 1764 | 1765 |  |
| John Carnac | 1765 | 1765 | |
| Robert Clive, 1. Baron Clive | 1765 | 1767 | |
| Richard Smith | 1767 | 1770 | |
| Sir Robert Barker, 1. Baronet | 1770 | 1773 | |
| Charles Chapman | 1773 | 1774 | |
| Alexander Champion | 1774 | 1774 | |
| John Clavering | 1774 | 1777 | |
| Giles Stibbert | 1777 | 1779 | |
| Sir Eyre Coote | 1779 | 1783 | |
| Giles Stibbert | 1783 | 1785 | |
| Robert Sloper | 1785 | 1786 | |
| Charles Cornwallis, 2. Earl Cornwallis | 1786 | 1793 |  |
| Sir Robert Abercromby | 1793 | 1797 |  |
| Sir Charles Morgan | 1797 | 1798 | |
| Sir Alured Clarke | 1798 | 1801 |  |
| Sir James Craig | 1801 | 1801 |  |
| Gerard Lake, 1. Baron Lake | 1801 | 1805 |  |
| Charles Cornwallis, 1. Marquess Cornwallis | 1805 | 1805 | |
| Gerard Lake, 1. Baron Lake | 1805 | 1806 | |
| John Simcoe | 1806 | 1806 |  |
| Gerard Lake, 1. Baron Lake | 1806 | 1807 | |
| Sir George Hewett | 1807 | 1807 | |
| Forbes Champagné | 1807 | 1811 | |
| Sir George Nugent, 1. Baronet | 1811 | 1813 | |
| Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2. Earl of Moira | 1813 | 1823 |  |
| Edward Paget | 1823 | 1825 |  |
| Stapleton Cotton, 1. Viscount Combermere | 1825 | 1830 | .jpg) |
| George Ramsay, 9. Earl of Dalhousie | 1830 | 1832 |  |
| Sir Edward Barnes | 1832 | 1833 |  |
| Lord William Cavendish-Bentinck | 1833 | 1835 |  |
| Jasper Nicolls | 1839 | 1843 |  |
| Hugh Gough, 1. Viscount Gough | 1843 | 1849 |  |
| Sir Charles Napier | 1849 | 1851 |  |
| Sir William Gomm | 1851 | 1856 |  |
| George Anson | 1856 | 1857 | .png) |
| Patrick Grant | 1857 | 1857 |  |
| Colin Campbell, 1. Baron Clyde | 1857 |  | |
| Sir Hugh Rose | 1861 | 1865 | |
| Sir William Mansfield | 1865 | 1870 |  |
| Robert Napier, 1. Baron Napier of Magdala | 1870 | 1876 |  |
| Sir Frederick Haines | 1876 | 1881 |  |
| Sir Donald Stewart, 1. Baronet | 1881 | 1885 |  |
| Frederick Roberts, 1. Baron Roberts of Kandahar | 1885 | 1892 | .jpg) |
| Sir George White | 1893 | 1898 |  |
| Sir Charles Nairne | 1898 | 1898 | |
| Sir William Lockhart | 1898 | 1900 |  |
| Sir Arthur Palmer | 1900 | 1902 | |
| Herbert Kitchener, 1. Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum | 1902 | 1909 |  |
| Sir Garrett Creagh | 1909 | 1914 | |
| Sir Beauchamp Duff | 1914 | 1916 | .jpg) |
| Sir Charles Monro | 1916 | 1920 |  |
| Henry Rawlinson, 1. Baron Rawlinson | 1920 | 1925 |  |
| Sir Claud Jacob | 1925 | 1925 |  |
| Sir William Birdwood | 1925 | 1930 |  |
| Sir Philip Chetwode | 1930 | 1935 |  |
| Sir Robert Cassels | 1935 | 1941 | |
| Sir Claude Auchinleck | 1941 | 1941 | .jpg) |
| Archibald Wavell, 1. Earl Wavell | 1941 | 1942 |  |
| Sir Alan Hartley | 1942 | 1942 | |
| Archibald Wavell, 1. Earl Wavell | 1942 | 1943 | |
| Sir Claude Auchinleck | 1943 | 1947 | |
Weblinks
- Chronological List of COMMANDERS IN CHIEF, India to 1947 bei regiments.org
- Commanders in Chief of the Indian Army (Pre Independence) bei bharat-rakshak.com
Auf dieser Seite verwendete Medien
General Sir Claude Auchinleck, Commander-in-Chief, Middle East during June 1941 - August 1942.
Portrait of George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie, governor of British North America
Il generale Archibald Wavell, comandante in capo britannico del Medio Oriente
George Anson
by Richard James Lane, published by John Mitchell, after Alfred, Count D'Orsay lithograph with some hand-colouring, (12 January 1840) 8 7/8 in. x 7 in. (226 mm x 179 mm) paper size Purchased with help from Maurice Buxton Forman, 1939 Reference Collection
NPG D45940Portrait of Sir Jasper Nicolls
Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, by Nathaniel Dance, (later Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland, Bt) (died 1811). See source website for additional information.
This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.Sir William Maynard Gomm, by William Salter (died 1875). Maynard Gomm GCB (1784 – 15 March 1875), British soldier, was gazetted to the 9th Foot at the age of ten in recognition of the services of his father, Lieutenant-Colonel William Gomm, who was killed in the attack on Guadaloupe (1794). He joined his regiment as a lieutenant in 1799, and fought in the Netherlands under the Duke of York, and subsequently was with Sir James Pulteney's Ferrol expedition. See source website for additional information. This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.
Lt-Gen Claude William Jacob
Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere, by Mary Martha Pearson (née Dutton) (died 1871), given to the National Portrait Gallery, London in 1872. See source website for additional information.
This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.Crimean War 1854-56
Lieutenant General Sir Colin Campbell, GCB, who commanded a Brigade of the 1st Division and afterwards a Highland Division in the Crimea.
A 1919 portrait of Field Marshal Philip Walhouse Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode, 7th Baronet of Oakley, GCB OM GCSI KCMG DSO (21 September 1869 – 6 July 1950), a British Army officer who took part in the Siege of Ladysmith (December 1899), the First Battle of Ypres (October-November 1914) and the Battle of Jerusalem (November 1917). After the War he served as Adjutant-General to the Forces and then Commander in Chief Aldershot Command. He went on to be Chief of the General Staff in India in 1928 and C-in-C India in 1930 where he was involved in the modernisation and "Indianisation" of the British Indian Army.
William Rose Mansfield
Autor/Urheber: National Library of Ireland on The Commons, Lizenz: No restrictions
This Poole image of a much decorated British General is a fine portrait shot. Kipling adored Roberts and wrote a poem especially about him. THERE’S a little red-faced man,
Which is Bobs,
Rides the tallest ’orse ’e can—
Our Bobs.
If it bucks or kicks or rears, ’E can sit for twenty years With a smile round both ’is ears—
Can’t yer, Bobs?
From our researchers we find that Field Marshal Viscount Roberts came from a Waterford family and he had strong Waterford roots. He was the winner of the Victoria Cross and had accumulated many decorations and awards including Knight of St. Patrick. Among the many positions he held was as the last Commander in Chief of the British Army. Many thanks to Beachcomber Australia, Niall McAuley, Paul O'Farrell and many others for filling in the details on this distinguished soldier. Indeed not to allow Rudyard Kipling to be the only poet on the block Beachcomber composed a limerick especially for "Bobs"! Map and tags updated.
Photographer: A. H. Poole
Collection: Poole Photographic Studio, Waterford
Date: between ca. 1901 and 1954
NLI Ref: POOLEWP 0311
You can also view this image, and many thousands of others, on the NLI’s catalogue at catalogue.nli.ieSir Eyre Coote (1726-1783), General.
General Charles Carmichael Monro. Unit: Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. Death: 07 December 1929.
Portrait of Field Marshal Sir Patrick Grant
"Field Marshal Sir Donald Martin Stewart (Governor, Royal Hospital, Chelsea)", coloured lithograph from an original portrait, by Elliott & Fry, Baker Street, London, circa 1899
The painting of Lord Gough shows him apparently directing operations during the Sikh wars but he posed for it in England in 1854, wearing his famous white 'battle coat' and sun hat which made him more conspicuous in the fog of battle. The decorations on his chest include the star of the Order of the Bath and two medal ribbons for China and Gwalior.
Sir Hector Munro, by David Martin (died 1797). See source website for additional information.
This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.
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Sir George Steward White, frontispiece to "The Project Gutenberg EBook Four Months Besieged by H. H. S. Pearse"
by John Watkins, albumen carte-de-visite, 1860s
Frederick Haines
General Sir William Stephen Alexander Lockhart, GCB KCSI (2 September 1841 – 18 March 1900)
Field Marshal Sir Alured Clarke
Bain News Service,, publisher.
Gen. Sir Beauchamp Duff
[between ca. 1910 and ca. 1915]
1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller.
Notes: Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards. Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).
Format: Glass negatives.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.
Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
General information about the Bain Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain
Higher resolution image is available (Persistent URL): hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.20538
Call Number: LC-B2- 3690-13The First World War 1914-1918- Personalities
Full length portrait of Field Marshal Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, in full dress uniform and carrying his Field Marshal's Baton, taken shortly after being promoted to the rank and before his appointment as British Governor General of Egypt and the Sudan.
Sir W. R. Birdwood, 1915.