Gloxinienwinden
| Gloxinienwinden | ||||||||||||
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 Asarina procumbens | ||||||||||||
| Systematik | ||||||||||||
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| Wissenschaftlicher Name | ||||||||||||
| Asarina | ||||||||||||
| Mill. |
Die Gloxinienwinden (Asarina) sind eine Pflanzengattung in der Familie der Wegerichgewächse (Plantaginaceae) und umfassen etwa 16 Arten. Sie sind von Mexiko bis in die südwestlichen USA und in Südeuropa heimisch.
Beschreibung
Asarina-Arten wachsen als meist stark rankende oder windende oder seltener kriechende, meist ausdauernde krautige Pflanzen. Die mindestens im oberen Bereich wechselständigen Laubblätter sind meist dreieckig, fiedernervig und flaumig behaart mit gezähnten Blattrand.
Die Blüten stehen einzeln in den Blattachseln. Die attraktiven Blüten sind zwittrig, zygomorph und fünfzählig mit doppelten Perianth. Die fünf breiten grünen Kelchblätter sind verwachsen. Die Blütenkronen, in verschiedenen Größen, erinnert an Löwenmäulchen. Die fünf Kronblätter können weiß, gelb, rosa-, purpurfarben und Schattierungen dazwischen sein und sind oft an der Kehle gefleckt. Die Blütenkrone ist zweilippig. Es sind vier Staubblätter vorhanden.
Die Kapselfrüchte besitzen zwei gleiche Fächer.
Kultivierung
Einige Sorten werden in kalten Klimazonen als einjährige Pflanzen kultiviert, aber sie sind in warmen Klimazonen ausdauernd. Sie brauchen eine warme geschützten Standort in kalten Klimazonen oder können im Gewächshaus gepflegt werden. Sie sind gut für den Bewuchs von Wänden und Bänken geeignet. Sie brauchen im Winter einen Rückschnitt, weil sie an neuen Trieben besser blühen. Neue Sorten werden regelmäßig in Nordamerika und Europa auf den Markt gebracht. Die Vermehrung kann durch Aussaat und Stecklinge erfolgen.[1][2][3]
Systematik
Die Erstveröffentlichung der Gattung Asarina erfolgte 1757 durch Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary, 7. Auflage. Als Lectotypus wurde von W.R. Barker in B. Morley & H.R. Toelken: Flowering Plants of Australia, 1983, 270 Asarina procumbensMill. festgelegt. Die Gattung Asarina gehört zur Tribus Antirrhineae in der Familie der Plantaginaceae.[4]
Es gibt etwa 15 bis 16 Asarina-Arten (Auswahl):
- Nierenblättriges Löwenmaul oder Kriechendes Löwenmaul (Asarina procumbensMill., Syn. Antirrhinum asarinaL.): Die Heimat reicht vom nordöstlichen Spanien bis ins südwestliche Frankreich.[4] Die Chromosomenzahl ist 2n = 18.[5]
Nicht mehr zur Gattung zählen
- Lophospermum erubescensD. Don. Sie kommt in Mexiko vor.[4]
- Maurandya antirrhinifoliaHumb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sie kommt ursprünglich von Kalifornien bis Texas, in Mexiko und in Kuba vor.[6][7]
- Maurandya barclayanaLindl. Sie ist in Mexiko weitverbreitet.[4]
- das Kletternde Löwenmaul (Maurandya scandens(Cav.) Pers., nicht zu verwechseln mit Maurandya scandens(D. Don.) Gray/Lophospermum scandensD. Don).
Bildergalerie
Kaskadierende Wuchsform der blühenden Pflanze, die in der Spalte der Kirchenmauer verwurzelt ist
Holzige und halbholzige Stängel, die aus einer Spalte in der Wand der Kirche von Paxton (Scottish Borders), sprießen
Paarige Kapselfrüchten mit zurückgebogenen Stielen
Reife Kapselfrüchte mit zwei gleichen Fächern, die offen sind, um gehirnähnliche Samen zu enthüllen
Weblinks
- M. A. Hyde, B. Wursten: Flora of Zimbabwe: Cultivated plants. 2010 (Asarina – Online.).
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ Don Ellison: Cultivated Plants of the World. New Holland, London 1999 (1st ed.: Brisbane: Flora Publications International, 1995)
- ↑ Alfred Byrd Graf: Tropica: color cyclopedia of exotic plants and trees for warm-region, horticulture—in cool climate the summer garden or sheltered indoors. 3rd ed. Roehrs Co., East Rutherford, N.J. 1986.
- ↑ Tony Lord: Flora: The Gardener's Bible: More than 20,000 garden plants from around the world. Cassell, London 2003, ISBN 0-304-36435-5.
- ↑ a b c d Asarina im Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Asarina procumbens bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Datenblatt Maurandella bei POWO = Plants of the World Online von Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Science.
- ↑ Wayne J. Elisens: Monograph of the Maurandyinae (Scrophulariaceae-Antirrhineae). In: Systematic Botany Monographs. Band 5, 1985, ISSN 0737-8211, S. 1–97, doi:10.2307/25027602, JSTOR:25027602 (englisch).
Auf dieser Seite verwendete Medien
Autor/Urheber: Flobbadob, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Asarina procumbens: detail of woody and semi-woody stems growing from crevice in Paxton church gate wall.
Colony - or possibly single plant with multiple points of emergence - of A. procumbens growing out of church wall, Paxton, Scottish Borders. Asarina procumbens, the trailing snapdragon, is a protected wildflower native to the Pyrenees, which has nonetheless proved capable of thriving as an attractive weed in some harsh urban environments - notably in the Australian city of Melbourne. The specimen seen here has a cascade of growth trailing from a network of woody stems with roots deep in the crevices of the Berwickshire sandstone church wall. Smaller plants (or offshoots) are rooted/emerging at the juncture of wall and tarmac pavement (U.K. sense), sprawling over the tarmac and accumulating detritus around their sticky mats of foliage. The plant(s) was/were flowering profusely - much to the delight of the local bumblebees, who were burrowing deep into the pale snapdragon-like flowers, in search of nectar.
Several specimens of this plant are said to have been growing at this site for quite some time. Given the proximity of the extensive gardens of nearby Paxton House the species may represent either an escape or a deliberate introduction from that estate (around which the village grew).
Autor/Urheber: Flobbadob, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Colony - or possibly single plant with multiple points of emergence - of Asarina procumbens growing out of wall beside church gatepost, Paxton, Scottish Borders. Asarina procumbens, the trailing snapdragon, is a protected wildflower native to the Pyrenees, which has nonetheless proved capable of thriving as an attractive weed in some harsh urban environments - notably in the Australian city of Melbourne.
The specimen seen here has a cascade of growth trailing from a network of woody stems with roots deep in the crevices of the Berwickshire sandstone church wall. Smaller plants (or offshoots) are rooted/emerging at the juncture of wall and tarmac pavement (U.K. sense), sprawling over the tarmac and accumulating detritus around their sticky mats of foliage. The plant(s) was/were flowering profusely - much to the delight of the local bumblebees, who were burrowing deep into the pale snapdragon-like flowers, in search of nectar.
Several specimens of this plant are said to have been growing at this site for quite some time. Given the proximity of the extensive gardens of nearby Paxton House the species may represent either an escape or a deliberate introduction from that estate (around which the village grew).
Autor/Urheber: Flobbadob, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
A single ripe capsule of Asarina procumbens, the trailing snapdragon, showing dehiscence by two apertures between three valves, the central valve still bearing the withered, brown remains of the persistent pistil. Also visible, the long, sinuous peduncle and the calyx lobes, both pubescent and both withered to brown, contrasting with the glabrous, pale buff seed capsule itself, the nearside aperture revealing seven ripe seeds, ready to be shed. The seeds are roughly conical, circa 1.0 x 1.5 mm and their testae are deeply furrowed in convoluted patterns reminiscent of a human brain or the cap of the fungus Gyromitra esculenta, the False Morel.
Asarina procumbens, the trailing snapdragon, is a protected wildflower native to the Pyrenees, which has nonetheless proved capable of thriving as an attractive weed in some harsh urban environments - notably in the Australian city of Melbourne. The single seed capsule shown here was borne by one of about four specimens (or possibly a single specimen with multiple points of emergence) growing out of a wall in front of the church (site of the Old Smithy) in the oldest part of the village of Paxton, Scottish Borders (near Berwick-upon-Tweed).
Several specimens of this plant are said to have been growing at this site for quite some time. Given the proximity of the extensive gardens of nearby Paxton House the species may represent either an escape or a deliberate introduction from that estate (around which the village grew).Autor/Urheber: C T Johansson, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
Asarina procumbens i Bergianska trädgården.
Autor/Urheber: Flobbadob, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Asarina procumbens, paired (unripe) seed capsules, borne at a node, showing distinctive reflexed peduncles, thickening from stem toward calyces. Note contrast between glabrous capsules and pubescent peduncles and (deeply-lobed) calyces. Note also withered, brown pistils, still attached to capsules.
Asarina procumbens, the trailing snapdragon, is a protected wildflower native to the Pyrenees, which has nonetheless proved capable of thriving as an attractive weed in some harsh urban environments - notably in the Australian city of Melbourne. The single seed capsule shown here was borne by one of about four specimens (or possibly a single specimen with multiple points of emergence) growing out of a wall in front of the church (site of the Old Smiddy) in the oldest part of the village of Paxton, Scottish Borders (near Berwick-upon-Tweed).
Several specimens of this plant are said to have been growing at this site for quite some time. Given the proximity of the extensive gardens of nearby Paxton House the species may represent either an escape or a deliberate introduction from that estate (around which the village grew).