Erster Seelord

Erster Seelord und Chef des Marinestabs
First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff
Flagge der Royal Navy
Amtierend
Ben Key
seit dem 8. November 2021
AmtssitzVerteidigungsministerium, Whitehall, London
AmtszeitAt His Majesty’s pleasure
Ernennung durchKing-in-Council
Schaffung des Amtes1689
Erster AmtsinhaberArthur Herbert, 1. Earl of Torrington
Website[1]

Erster Seelord und Chef des Marinestabs (englisch First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff) ist im Vereinigten Königreich heute die ranghöchste Dienststellung innerhalb der Royal Navy. Der Erste Seelord ist heute innerhalb des britischen Verteidigungsministeriums zugleich Chef des Stabes der Royal Navy (Chief of Naval Staff). Die Abkürzung lautet 1SL/CNS. Das Amt ist nicht zu verwechseln mit dem des Ersten Lords der Admiralität, das der Funktion des Marineministers entspricht.

Geschichte

Die Dienststellung des Ersten Seelords ist aus dem Posten des First Naval Lord hervorgegangen, der von 1828 bis 1904 existierte. Die Position änderte sich im Lauf der Geschichte, wobei die Geschichte des Ersten Seelords eng mit der Geschichte der britischen Admiralität verbunden ist.

Ursprünglich lag die Verantwortung für die Führung der Royal Navy bei einer einzelnen Person, dem Lord High Admiral. Ab dem 18. Jahrhundert wurde diese Aufgabe aber meist durch einen Ausschuss erfüllt, das Board of Admiralty. Die Mitglieder dieses Ausschusses wurden als Lords Commissioner of the Admiralty bezeichnet und setzten sich aus Admiralen der Royal Navy sowie aus Zivilisten zusammen. Die Admirale im Board of Admiralty wurden als „Seelords“ bezeichnet. Es gab davon zuletzt fünf, wobei dem Ersten Seelord die operative Leitung der Royal Navy unterstand. Den Vorsitz über das gesamte Board of Admiralty führte der First Lord of the Admiralty („Erster Lord der Admiralität“), der üblicherweise dem Kabinett angehörte und nach 1806 stets ein Zivilist war. Er hatte die politische Verantwortung für die Royal Navy zu tragen und wurde von daher auch als „Marineminister“ bezeichnet.

Die beschriebene Organisationsstruktur innerhalb der britischen Admiralität bestand noch bis in die zweite Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. 1964 wurden alle bisherigen Funktionen der Admiralität dem in diesem Jahr neu geschaffenen Verteidigungsministerium des Vereinigten Königreichs übertragen. Innerhalb des Verteidigungsministeriums wurden neue Dienststellen geschaffen, die zum Teil die Namen früherer Behörden erhielten, und auch der Name Erster Seelord für den operativen Leiter der Royal Navy wurde nach 1964 weiter beibehalten.

Das formelle Flaggschiff des Ersten Seelords ist bis heute die Victory von 1737, obwohl diese seit längerer Zeit nur im Trockendock liegt.

First Naval Lords (1828–1904)

BildAmtsinhaberAmtszeit
Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. BaronetAdmiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. Baronet1828–1830
Vice-Admiral of the Blue Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, 1. BaronetVice-Admiral of the Blue Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, 1. Baronet1830–1834
George Heneage Lawrence DundasRear Admiral George Heneage Lawrence Dundas1834
Admiral Sir Charles AdamAdmiral Sir Charles Adam1834
Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. BaronetAdmiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. Baronet1834–1835
Admiral Sir Charles AdamAdmiral Sir Charles Adam1835–1841
Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. BaronetAdmiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. Baronet1841–1846
Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Parker, 1. BaronetVice Admiral Sir William Parker, 1. Baronet1846
Admiral Sir Charles AdamAdmiral Sir Charles Adam1846–1847
Admiral Sir James Whitley Deans DundasAdmiral Sir James Whitley Deans Dundas1847–1852
Admiral Sir Maurice Berkeley, 1. Baron FitzHardingeAdmiral Sir Maurice Frederick FitzHardinge Berkeley1852
Vice-Admiral Hyde Parker1852–1854
Admiral Sir Maurice Berkeley, 1. Baron FitzHardingeAdmiral Sir Maurice Frederick FitzHardinge Berkeley1854–1857
Vice Admiral Sir Richard Saunders DundasVice Admiral Sir Richard Saunders Dundas1857–1858
Admiral Sir William Fanshawe Martin, 4. Baronet1858–1859
Vice Admiral Sir Richard Saunders DundasVice Admiral Sir Richard Saunders Dundas1859–1861
Admiral Sir Frederick William Grey1861–1866
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1. BaronetAdmiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1. Baronet1866–1868
Admiral Sir Sydney Colpoys DacresAdmiral Sir Sydney Colpoys Dacres1868–1872
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1. BaronetAdmiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1. Baronet1872–1876
Admiral Sir Hastings YelvertonAdmiral Sir Hastings Yelverton1876–1877
Admiral Sir George WellesleyAdmiral Sir George Wellesley1877–1879
Admiral Sir Astley Cooper KeyAdmiral Sir Astley Cooper Key1879–1885
Arthur Hood, 1. Baron Hood of AvalonAdmiral Arthur Hood, 1. Baron Hood of Avalon1885–1886
John HayAdmiral of the Fleet Lord John Hay1886
Arthur Hood, 1. Baron Hood of AvalonAdmiral Arthur Hood, 1. Baron Hood of Avalon1886–1889
Richard Vesey HamiltonAdmiral Sir Richard Vesey Hamilton1889–1891
Admiral Sir Anthony HoskinsAdmiral Sir Anthony Hoskins1891–1893
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick RichardsAdmiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick Richards1893–1899
Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter KerrAdmiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Kerr1899–1904

First Sea Lords (1904–heute)

BildAmtsinhaberAmtszeit
John Fisher, 1. Baron FisherAdmiral of the Fleet Sir John Fisher1904–1910
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur WilsonAdmiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Wilson1910–1911
Sir Francis BridgemanAdmiral Sir Francis Charles Bridgeman1911–1912
Prinz Ludwig Alexander von BattenbergAdmiral Prinz Ludwig Alexander von Battenberg1912–1914
John Fisher, 1. Baron FisherAdmiral of the Fleet John Fisher, 1. Baron Fisher1914–1915
Henry Bradwardine JacksonAdmiral Sir Henry Bradwardine Jackson1915–1916
John Jellicoe, 1. Earl JellicoeAdmiral of the Fleet John Jellicoe, 1. Earl Jellicoe1916–1917
Rosslyn Erskine Wemyss, Baron Wester Wemyss by Sir William OrpenAdmiral of the Fleet Rosslyn Wemyss, 1. Baron Wester Wemyss1917–1919
David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty by William OrpenAdmiral of the Fleet David Beatty, 1. Earl Beatty1919–1927
Admiral Charles Madden, 1. Baronet (Gemälde von Reginald Eves, 1922)Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Madden, 1. Baronet1927–1930
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick FieldAdmiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick Field1930–1933
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Ernle ChatfieldAdmiral of the Fleet Ernle Chatfield, 1. Baron Chatfield1933–1938
Admiral Sir Roger BackhouseAdmiral Sir Roger Backhouse1938–1939
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alfred Dudley Pickman Rogers PoundAdmiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound1939–1943
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew CunninghamAdmiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham, 1. Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope1943–1946
Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Henry Dacres CunninghamAdmiral of the Fleet Sir John Cunningham1946–1948
Admiral of the Fleet Bruce Austin Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North CapeAdmiral of the Fleet Bruce Fraser, 1. Baron Fraser of North Cape1948–1951
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick McGrigorAdmiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick McGrigor1951–1955
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of BurmaAdmiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1. Earl Mountbatten of Burma1955–1959
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Lambe1959–1960
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Caspar John1960–1963
Admiral Sir David Luce1963–1966
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Varyl Begg1966–1968
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Michael Le Fanu1968–1970
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Peter Hill-Norton1970–1971
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Michael Pollock1971–1974
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Edward Beckwith Ashmore1974–1977
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Terence Lewin1977–1979
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Leach1979–1982
Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Fieldhouse1982–1985
Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Staveley1985–1989
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Julian Oswald1989–1993
Admiral of the Fleet Sir David Benjamin Bathurst1993–1995
Admiral Sir Jock SlaterAdmiral Sir John Cunningham Kirkwood Slater1995–1998
Admiral Sir Michael BoyceAdmiral Sir Michael Boyce1998–2001
Admiral Sir Nigel Essenhigh2001–2002
Admiral Sir Alan WestAdmiral Sir Alan West2002–2006
Admiral Sir Jonathon BandAdmiral Sir Jonathon Band2006–2009
Admiral Sir Mark StanhopeAdmiral Sir Mark Stanhope2009–2013
Admiral Sir George ZambellasAdmiral Sir George Zambellas2013–2016
Admiral Sir Philip JonesAdmiral Sir Philip Jones2016–2019
Tony Radakin 2019Admiral Sir Tony Radakin2019–2021
Sir Ben KeyAdmiral Sir Ben KeySeit 2021

Literatur

  • Malcolm H. Murfett (Hrsg.): The First Sea Lords. From Fisher to Mountbatten. Praeger, Westport CT u. a. 1995, ISBN 0-275-94231-7.

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