Elias Ashmole

Elias Ashmole, Gemälde von John Riley, um 1683
Frontispiz von Fasciculus chemicus or Chymical collections (1650) mit der Selbstbetitelung als „Mercuriophilus Anglicus“

Elias Ashmole (* 23. Mai 1617 in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England; † 18. oder 19. Mai 1692 in South Lambeth bei London) war Alchemist und Antiquar.

Leben und Wirken

Ashmole war das einzige Kind von Simon Ashmole († 1634), einem Sattler, und dessen Frau Anne Bowyer († 1646).[1] Seine erste Ausbildung erhielt er an der Lichfield Grammar School.

1633 ging Ashmole als Begleitung der Söhne eines entfernten Verwandten seiner Mutter, James Pagit, einem Beamten des Court of Exchequer, nach London. Am 27. März 1638 heiratete er Elianor Manwaring (1603–1641) aus Smallwood. Im gleichen Jahr begann er als Rechtsanwalt zu praktizieren.

Aus Ashmoles Tagebüchern ist bekannt, dass er am 16. Oktober 1646 mit Oberst Henry Mainwaring aus dem Hamlet Kermincham in Swettebham, einem Verwandten seiner ersten Frau, Mitglied einer Freimaurerloge in Warrington (Lancashire) wurde.[2]

1647 erscheinen Übersetzungen zweier prophetischer Schriften in Lillys The Worlds Catastrophe.

Während der 1650er Jahre beschäftigte sich Ashmole mit Alchemie. Unter dem Pseudonym James Hasolle (ein Anagramm seines Namens) veröffentlichte er 1650 unter dem Titel Fasciculus chemicus or Chymical collections eine Übersetzung der Schiften von Arthur Dees Fasciculus chemicus (1629) und Jean D’Espagnets Arcanurn hermeticae philosophicte (1623). Sein 1652 veröffentlichtes Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, eine Sammlung alchemistischer Gedichte in englischer Sprache, gilt als sein Meisterwerk und wurde in alchemistischen Kreisen hoch geschätzt. Sein Alchemisten-Beiname war „Mercuriophilus anglicus“.[3]

Ehrungen

Am 20. Mai 1663 wurde Ashmole als Mitglied („Original Fellow“) in die Royal Society gewählt.[4] Das Ashmolean Museum ist nach im benannt.

Schriften (Auswahl)

  • The worlds catastrophe, or, The miraculous changes, and alterations […] in the several kingdoms, and common-wealths of Europe […]. In: William Lilly: The world’s catastrophe, or Europes many mutations untill 1666 […]. London 1647 (Volltext) – Übersetzung von Giovanni Francesco Spinas De mundi catastrophe (1625).
  • A Prophecie of Ambrose Merlin[…]. In: William Lilly: The world’s catastrophe, or Europes many mutations untill 1666 […]. London 1647 (Volltext) – Übersetzung aus Geoffrey von MonmouthHistoria regum Britanniae.
  • Fasciculus chemicus or Chymical collections […]. London 1650 (Volltext, Digitalisat) – Übersetzung zweier Schriften unter dem Pseudonym James Hasolle.
  • Theatrum chemicum Britannicum […]. London 1652 (Volltext, Digitalisat).
  • The way to bliss. In three books. London 1658 (Volltext, Digitalisat).
  • Sol in ascendente, or, The glorious appearance of Charles the Second, upon the horizon of London, in her horoscopicall sign, Gemini. London 1660 (Volltext, Digitalisat).
  • A catalogue of the peers of the kingdom of England, according to their birth and creations. London 1661 (Volltext, Digitalisat).
  • A brief narrative of His Majestie’s solemn coronation […]. In: John Ogilby: The entertainment of His Most Excellent Majestie Charles II, in his passage through the city of London to his coronation […]. London 1662 (Volltext, Digitalisat).
  • The institution, laws & ceremonies of the most noble Order of the Garter. London 1672 (Volltext, Digitalisat).

postum?

  • The history of the most noble Order of the Garter. Wherein is set forth an account of the town, castle, chappel, and college of Windsor; … To which is prefix'd, a discourse of knighthood in general, …. London 1715 (Volltext, Digitalisat Digitalisat).
  • Memoirs of the life of that learned antiquary, Elias Ashmole, Esq; drawn up by himself by way of diary. With an appendix of original letters. 1717 (Digitalisat).
  • The history and antiquities of Berkshire. With a large appendix … ; To which will be added the life of the author. 1736 (Digitalisat).
  • The entire ceremonies of the coronations of His Majesty King Charles II. and of her Majesty Queen Mary, Consort to James II. As published by those learned heralds Ashmole and Sandford. With the prayers at full length. To which is prefix'd, an introduction historical and critical; likewise an appendix, containing many curious particulars. 1761 (Digitalisat).
  • The lives of those eminent antiquaries Elias Ashmole, Esquire, and Mr. William Lilly, written by themselves; containing, first, William Lilly's History of his life and times, with notes, by Mr. Ashmole: secondly, Lilly's life and death of Charles the First. 1774 (Digitalisat).
  • Walter C. Metcalfe: (Hrsg.): The visitation of Berkshire, 1664–6. Exeter 1882 (Digitalisat, Digitalisat).

Literatur

  • Vittoria Feola: Elias Ashmole. The Quartecentenary Biography. Rom 2017, ISBN 978-88-913-1587-8.
  • Michael Hunter: Ashmole, Elias (1617–1692). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Hrsg.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X; doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/764 (Lizenz erforderlich), Stand: 2004.
  • Bruce Janacek: Elias Ashmole: The Collection and Culmination of Alchemical Thought. In: Bruce Janacek: Alchemical Belief. Occultism in the Religious Culture of Early Modern England. Pennsylvania State University Press, Pennsylvania 2011, ISBN 978-0-271-05013-3, S. 128–159.
  • C. H. Josten: Elias Ashmole F.R.S. (1617–1692). In: Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. Band 15, 1960, S. 221–230 (doi:10.1098/rsnr.1960.0021, JSTOR:531041).
  • C. H. Josten (Hrsg.): Elias Ashmole (1617–1692): his autobiographical and historical notes, his correspondence and other contemporary resources related to his life and work. 5 Bände, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1966.
  • Charles Webster: Ashmole, Elias. In: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Band 1, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2008, S. 316–318.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Andrew Clark (Hrsg.): The Life and Times of Anthony Wood, antiquary, of Oxford, 1632–1695, described by Himself. Band 3: 1682–1695, Oxford 1894, S. 335 (online).
  2. Josiah Rose: (Hrsg.)Lancashire and Chesire historical & genealogical notes. Band 3, Leight 1883, S. 20 (online).
  3. Ashmole (Elias): The way to bliss. In three books. In: John Ferguson: Bibliotheca chemica. A catalogue of the alchemical, chemical and pharmaceutical books in the collection of the late James Young of Kelly and Durris […]. Band 1, Glasgow 1906, S. 52 (online).
  4. Eintrag zu Ashmole; Elias (1617–1692) im Archiv der Royal Society, London
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Fasciculus chemicus, or, Chymical collections - expressing the ingress, progress, and egress of the secret Hermetick science, out of the choisest and most famous authors - whereunto is added, the (14595970288).jpg
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Identifier: fasciculuschemic00deea (find matches)
Title: Fasciculus chemicus, or, Chymical collections : expressing the ingress, progress, and egress of the secret Hermetick science, out of the choisest and most famous authors ... : whereunto is added, the Arcanum, or, Grand secret of hermetick philosophy
Year: 1650 (1650s)
Authors: Dee, Arthur, 1579-1651 Ashmole, Elias, 1617-1692 Cross, Thomas, fl. 1632-1682 Espagnet, Jean d', 1564-ca. 1637. Arcanum
Subjects: Alchemy
Publisher: London : Printed by J. Flesher for Richard Mynne ...
Contributing Library: Getty Research Institute
Digitizing Sponsor: Getty Research Institute

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of an i/wlrcuttc^J SciJc -SZc SczonrU k §cbcmc\<3^ full Qrvbc/iy^iM^ :^xt h<nv If oonccmxl . I Fafciculm Chemkus: OR hymical CoUeaions. EXPRESSING he Ingrefs, Progrefi , and Egrefs, of the Secret Hermetick Science. out of the choifcft and moft Famous Authors. Colleded and digcfted in fuch anjrdcr, that it may prove to the advantage,not onely of the Beginners, but Proficientsof this high Art, by none hither-to difpofed in this Method. iVhcreunto is added, The Arcanum orGrand Secret of Hermetick Philofophy. Both made Englijyj^ ; ^y fames HafoUe, Efquire, ^ui efl Mercuriophilfu Anglicw, 7ur Magiflry is begun andperfecl-ed^ hy ondj onething^ namely^ Mercury. Ventur. p,2^. Undon, Printed by f.FleJher for Richard Mjnne^«Uic iign of St. Vmi in Little Bm^w. i6jo.fasciculuschemic00deea

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