Bambusottern
Bambusottern | ||||||||
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Weißlippen-Bambusotter | ||||||||
Systematik | ||||||||
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Wissenschaftlicher Name | ||||||||
Trimeresurus | ||||||||
Lacépède, 1804 |
Die Bambusottern (Trimeresurus) sind eine Viperngattung aus der Unterfamilie der Grubenottern, die in Asien verbreitet ist.
Merkmale und Lebensweise
Als eine Viperngattung sind Bambusottern giftig und einige Arten können für Menschen gefährlich werden.[1] Die meisten Arten der Gattung sind vivipar (lebendgebärend).[2] Die Beschuppung ist oft grün.
Verbreitungsgebiet
Die Bambusottern sind in den tropischen bis subtropischen Regionen Asiens verbreitet.[1]
Gefährdungsstatus
Die IUCN stuft die Arten Trimeresurus kanburiensis und Trimeresurus truongsonensis als stark gefährdet (endangered) ein, sowie Trimeresurus honsonensis und Trimeresurus nebularis als gefährdet (vulnerable). Die Art Trimeresurus malcolmi wurde als potentiell gefährdet (near threatened) eingestuft.
Systematik
Die Gattung wurde 1804 von Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède erstbeschrieben. Stand Dezember 2021 werden in der Reptile Database 42 Arten der Gattung Trimeresurus zugeordnet, die im Folgenden nach Taxon sortiert gelistet sind.[2]
Bild | Trivialname | Taxon | Erstbeschreibung | Verbreitung | IUCN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weißlippen-Bambusotter | Trimeresurus albolabris | Gray, 1842 | Indien, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Kambodscha, Laos, Vietnam, Südchina, Indonesien | 2012 | |
Trimeresurus andersonii | Theobald, 1868 | Indien | |||
Trimeresurus arunachalensis | Captain,Deepak,Pandit,Bhatt &Athreya, 2019 | Indien | |||
Trimeresurus cantori | (Blyth, 1846) | Indien (Nikobaren) | |||
Cardamom-Bambusotter | Trimeresurus cardamomensis | (Malhotra,Thorpe,Mrinalini &Stuart, 2011) | Südost-Thailand, Kambodscha, Vietnam | 2012 | |
Trimeresurus caudornatus | Chen,Ding,Vogel &Shi, 2020 | China (Yunnan) | |||
Trimeresurus davidi | Chandramouli,Campbell &Vogel, 2020 | Indien (Car Nicobar) | |||
Trimeresurus erythrurus | (Cantor, 1839) | Indien, Bangladesch, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Bhutan | 2010 | ||
Trimeresurus fasciatus | (Boulenger, 1896) | Indonesien | |||
Trimeresurus flavomaculatus | (Gray, 1842) | (c) rbrausse, CC BY-SA 3.0 | 2009 | ||
Trimeresurus gracilis | Oshima, 1920 | Taiwan | 2012 | ||
Trimeresurus gumprechti | David,Vogel,Pauwels &Vidal, 2002 | Nordost-Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (Hòa Bình), China (Yunnan), Myanmar | 2012 | ||
Gunalen’s Grubenotter | Trimeresurus gunaleni | Vogel,David &Sidik, 2014 | Indonesien (Sumatra) | ||
Trimeresurus guoi | Chen,Shi,Vogel &Ding, 2020 | China (Yunnan), Vietnam (Lào Cai), Thailand (Loei und Phayao), Myanmar (Mon-Staat) | |||
Hagens Bambusotter | Trimeresurus hageni | (Lidth De Jeude, 1886) | Indonesien, West-Malaysia, Süd-Thailand | 2012 | |
Trimeresurus honsonensis | (Grismer,Ngo &Grismer, 2008) | Süd-Vietnam | 2012 | ||
Trimeresurus insularis | Kramer, 1977 | Indonesien, Osttimor | 2010 | ||
Kanburi Bambusotter | Trimeresurus kanburiensis | Smith, 1943 | West- und Süd-Thailand | 2012 | |
Trimeresurus kuiburi | Sumontha,Suntrarachun,Pauwels,Pawangkhanant,Chomngam,Iamwiriyakul &Chanhome, 2021 | Thailand | |||
Trimeresurus labialis | (Steindachner, 1867) | Indien (Nikobaren) | |||
Großaugen-Bambusotter | Trimeresurus macrops | Kramer, 1977 | Thailand, Nord-Kambodscha, Laos, Vietnam | 2012 | |
Kinabalu-Bambusotter | Trimeresurus malcolmi | Loveridge, 1938 | Indonesien (Borneo), Malaysia (Sabah) | 2013 | |
Batanes-Bambusotter | Trimeresurus mcgregori | Taylor, 1919 | (c) rbrausse, CC BY-SA 3.0 | 2009 | |
Trimeresurus medoensis | Zhao, 1977 | Nord-Myanmar, Ost-Indien, West-China | 2012 | ||
Trimeresurus mutabilis | Stoliczka, 1870 | Indien (zentrale Nikobaren) | |||
Trimeresurus nebularis | Vogel,David &Pauwels, 2004 | West-Malaysia, Thailand | 2012 | ||
Phuket Bambusotter | Trimeresurus phuketensis | Sumontha,Kunya,Pauwels,Nitikul &Punnadee, 2011 | Südwest-Thailand | ||
Popes Bambusotter / Popes Lanzenotter | Trimeresurus popeiorum | Smith, 1937 | Nordost-Indien, Nepal, Myanmar, Nord-Thailand, Nord-Laos, Malaysia, China (Yunnan) | 2012 | |
Mangrovenotter | Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus | (Gray, 1832) | Bangladesch, Burma, Süd-Thailand, West-Malaysia, Indonesien (Sumatra) | 2012 | |
Trimeresurus sabahi | Regenass &Kramer, 1981 | Ost-Malaysia (Borneo: Sabah, Sarawak) | 2013 | ||
Trimeresurus salazar | Mirza,Bhosale,Phansalkar,Sawant,Gowande &Patel, 2020 | Indien (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam) | |||
Trimeresurus schultzei | Griffin, 1909 | (c) rbrausse, CC BY-SA 3.0 | 2009 | ||
Nepal-Bambusotter | Trimeresurus septentrionalis | Kramer, 1977 | Bangladesch, Indien, Nepal, Bhutan | ||
Trimeresurus sichuanensis | (Guo &Wang, 2011) | China (Sichuan) | 2012 | ||
Chinesische Bambusotter / Stejnegers Bambusotter | Trimeresurus stejnegeri | Schmidt, 1925 | Südchina, Taiwan (inkl. Lan Yu), Nepal, Indien (Sikkim, Assam), Myanmar, Vietnam | 2012 | |
Sumatra-Bambusotter | Trimeresurus sumatranus | (Raffles, 1822) | Indonesien, West-Malaysia, Süd-Thailand, Singapur | 2013 | |
Trimeresurus tibetanus | Huang, 1982 | Tibet, Nepal | 2010 | ||
Quang Binh-Bambusotter | Trimeresurus truongsonensis | Orlov,Ryabov,Thanh &Hcuc, 2004 | Zentral-Vietnam | 2012 | |
Bunte Bambusotter / Schöne Bambusotter | Trimeresurus venustus | Vogel, 1991 | Süd-Thailand | ||
Trimeresurus vogeli | David,Vidal &Pauwels, 2001 | Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima), Kambodscha, Laos, Vietnam | 2012 | ||
Trimeresurus yingjiangensis | Chen,Zhang,Shi,Tang,Guo,Song &Ding, 2019 | China (Yunnan) | |||
Trimeresurus yunnanensis | Schmidt, 1925 | Süd-China, Nepal | 2012 |
Weblinks
- Trimeresurus In: The Reptile Database; abgerufen am 8. Dezember 2021.
- Trimeresurus-Arten bei der IUCN
Literatur
- Ming-Chung Tu, Hurng-Yi Wang, Mung-Pei Tsai, Mamoru Toda, Wen-Jen Lee, Fu-Ji Zhang, Hidetoshi Ota. Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of the Oriental Pitvipers of the Genus Trimeresurus (Reptilia: Viperidae: Crotalinae): A Molecular Perspective, Zoological Science, 17(8), 1147–1157, (1. November 2000) doi:10.2108/zsj.17.1147
Belege
- ↑ a b Ming-Chung Tu, Hurng-Yi Wang, Mung-Pei Tsai, Mamoru Toda, Wen-Jen Lee, Fu-Ji Zhang, Hidetoshi Ota. Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of the Oriental Pitvipers of the Genus Trimeresurus (Reptilia: Viperidae: Crotalinae): A Molecular Perspective, Zoological Science, 17(8), 1147-1157, (1 November 2000) doi:10.2108/zsj.17.1147
- ↑ a b Trimeresurus In: The Reptile Database; abgerufen am 11. Oktober 2021.
Auf dieser Seite verwendete Medien
Autor/Urheber: Rushenb, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 2.0
Pope's pit viper (Trimeresurus popeiorum). Doi Phu Kha National Park, Thailand.
Autor/Urheber: Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 2.0
Butterfly Farm, Brinchang, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, MALAYSIA
Autor/Urheber:
- derivative work: Mareklug talk
- Status_iucn3.1.svg: Pengo
Isolated rating circle from IUCN 3.1 (one of 7: EX, EW, CR, EN, VU, LC, NT). VU denotes Vulnerable. Suitable for derivative use as individual graphics.
Autor/Urheber: (of code) -xfi-, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
The Wikispecies logo created by Zephram Stark based on a concept design by Jeremykemp.
Autor/Urheber: Hinrich Kaiser, Lizenz: CC BY 3.0
Trimeresurus insularis. Female (USNM [CMD 594], SVL 684 mm, TL 784 mm) from the flood plain of Lake Ira Lalaro, Lautém District.
(c) rbrausse, CC BY-SA 3.0
geographic distribution of Trimeresurus schultzei (Native: Philippines)
Autor/Urheber: Trimeresurus87, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
Himalayan White Lipped Green Pit Viper
Autor/Urheber: [Photo by Aamod Zambre and Chintan Seth, Eaglenest Biodiversity Project] Mirza ZA, Bhosale HS, Phansalkar PU, Sawant M, Gowande GG, Patel H (2020) A new species of green pit vipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) from western Arunachal Pradesh, India. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 123-138. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.48431, Lizenz: CC BY 4.0
Figure 7; Trimeresurus salazar sp. nov. juvenile male from Pakke Tiger Reserve photographed in 2008.
Autor/Urheber: Rushen, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 2.0
This photo is published under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike Licence, means you are free to use this photo with attribution under same licence. For credits, please use following;
Owner: Thai National Parks
Link: <a href="https://www.thainationalparks.com/" rel="noreferrer nofollow">www.thainationalparks.com/</a>Autor/Urheber: 1davidfrohlich, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Trimeresurus vogeli from Bach Ma National Park
Autor/Urheber:
- derivative work: Mareklug talk
- Status_iucn3.1.svg: Pengo
Isolated rating circle denoting DD: Data Deficient, to complement the icons from IUCN 3.1 threat level assessment scale (EX, EW, CR, EN, VU, LC, NT). Suitable for derivative use as individual graphic, interchangeably.
(c) rbrausse, CC BY-SA 3.0
geographic distribution of Trimeresurus mcgregori (Native: Philippines)
Autor/Urheber:
- derivative work: Mareklug talk
- Status_iucn3.1.svg: Pengo
Isolated rating circle from IUCN 3.1 (one of 7: EX, EW, CR, EN, VU, LC, NT). EN denotes endangered. Suitable for derivative use as individual graphics.
Autor/Urheber: Rushenb, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Trimeresurus gumprechti, Gumprecht’s green pit viper (adult, male) - Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park. Photo by Thai National Parks, https://www.thainationalparks.com/phu-hin-rong-kla-national-park.
Autor/Urheber: Evan Pickett, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Chinese green tree viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri) from Lalashan Taiwan
(c) rbrausse, CC BY-SA 3.0
geographic distribution of Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (Native: Philippines)
Autor/Urheber: Viperworld, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Venomous snake endemic to Batanes Island Philipines
Autor/Urheber: Rushenb, Thai National Parks, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Trimeresurus venustus, Brown-spotted pit viper - Khao Luang National Park.
Autor/Urheber: Brown R, Siler C, Oliveros C, Welton L, Rock A, Swab J, Van Weerd M, van Beijnen J, Rodriguez D, Jose E, Diesmos A, Lizenz: CC BY 3.0
Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (KU 330049) from mid-elevation, Mt. Cagua. Photo: RMB.
Autor/Urheber:
- derivative work: Mareklug talk
- Status_iucn3.1.svg: Pengo
Isolated rating circle from IUCN 3.1 (one of 7: EX, EW, CR, EN, VU, LC, NT). Suitable for derivative use as individual graphics.
Autor/Urheber:
- derivative work: Mareklug talk
- Status_iucn3.1.svg: Pengo
Isolated rating circle from IUCN 3.1 (one of 7: EX, EW, CR, EN, VU, LC, NT). Suitable for derivative use as individual graphics.
Autor/Urheber: Mh4fr, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Trimeresurus nebularis au parc de Bako (Malaisie)
Autor/Urheber: Rohit Naniwadekar, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Photo taken in Gandhigram Village, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Autor/Urheber: Rushen, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 2.0
Female white-lipped pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris)
Autor/Urheber: Rushenb, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Trimeresurus macrops, Large-eyed pit viper (adult) - Khao Yai National Park. Photo by Thai National Parks, https://www.thainationalparks.com/khao-yai-national-park.
Autor/Urheber: Psumuseum, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
A mangrove pit viper from Bulon Island, Thailand
Autor/Urheber: Yinan Chen, Lizenz: Public Domain
; Pictures of fine cold-blooded animals
- A viper found in a few parts of Thailand(Trimeresurus kanburiensis)
Autor/Urheber: Rushen, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 2.0
This photo is published under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike Licence, means you are free to use this photo with attribution under same licence. For credits, please use following;
Owner: Thai National Parks
Link: <a href="https://www.thainationalparks.com/khao-sok-national-park" rel="noreferrer nofollow">www.thainationalparks.com/khao-sok-national-park</a>Autor/Urheber: Rushen, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 2.0
Khao Chamao Waterfall, Khao Chamao - Khao Wong National Park
Autor/Urheber: Munib Khanyari, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 4.0
Found along with other colour morphs near Kanaya Dera Waterfall