30 Doradus
| Emissionsnebel | |
|---|---|
| Daten des Tarantelnebels (30 Doradus) | |
 | |
| Der Tarantelnebel, aufgenommen mit dem Hubble-Weltraumteleskop | |
| AladinLite | |
| Sternbild | Schwertfisch |
| Position Äquinoktium: J2000.0, Epoche: J2000.0 | |
| Rektaszension | 05h 38m 42,3s[1] |
| Deklination | −69° 06′ 03″[1] |
| Erscheinungsbild | |
| Scheinbare Helligkeit (visuell) | 8,0 mag[2] |
| Scheinbare Helligkeit (B-Band) | 5,0 mag[3] |
| Winkelausdehnung | 30' × 20'[2] |
| Ionisierende Quelle | |
| Physikalische Daten | |
| Entfernung[2] | 179.000 Lj (52000 pc) |
| Geschichte | |
| Entdeckung | Nicolas Louis de Lacaille |
| Datum der Entdeckung | 1751 |
| Katalogbezeichnungen | |
| NGC 2070 • GC 1269 • h 2941 • ESO 57-EN6 | |
30 Doradus (auch Tarantelnebel oder NGC 2070) ist die Bezeichnung eines in der Großen Magellanschen Wolke im Sternbild Schwertfisch (Dorado) gelegenen, sehr hellen Emissionsnebels. Er ist eines der größten bekannten Sternentstehungsgebiete in der lokalen Gruppe und trotz seiner Entfernung von rund 50 kpc (163.000 Lichtjahre) schon in kleinen Fernrohren zu sehen. Er hat einen Durchmesser von 30′ × 20′ (was 2000 Lichtjahren entspricht) und eine scheinbare Helligkeit von 8,0 mag.
Entdeckt wurde 30 Doradus im Jahre 1751 vom französischen Astronomen Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, der ihm aber eine Sternnummer (30) gab. John Herschel bezeichnete ihn wegen seiner im Fernrohr sichtbaren Verwirbelungen als Looped Nebula.[4]
Der im Zentrum eingebettete Sternhaufen R136 regt den gesamten Nebelkomplex zum Leuchten an. Er enthält den bis heute (Stand 2010) massereichsten und hellsten bekannten Stern R136a1 (265 M☉, 107 L☉) und noch zwei weitere Sterne mit über 150 Sonnenmassen.[5]
Im Nordteil des Tarantelnebels liegt auch der Doppelsternhaufen Hodge 301. Einige seiner Riesensterne erhellen ebenfalls den umgebenden Nebel, er ist aber mit 25 Millionen Jahren wesentlich älter als R136.
Aufnahme mithilfe des James-Webb-Weltraumteleskops
Der Tarantelnebel in Infrarot (aufgenommen mit dem Spitzer-Weltraumteleskop), blau überlagert mit Aufnahmen des Chandra-Weltraumteleskops, welche die Röntgenstrahlung heißer Schockfronten zeigen.
Siehe auch
- Liste der diffusen Nebel
Weblinks
- A Cosmic Tarantula, Caught by NASA’s Webb
- Close encounter with the Tarantula (engl.)
- Starbursts versus monsters (engl.)
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE
- ↑ a b c Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
- ↑ SEDS: NGC 2070
- ↑ Seligman
- ↑ Axel Quetz: Himmel und Erde, Mai 2013, Verlag Sterne und Weltraum
C1 · C2 · C3 · C4 · C5 · C6 · C7 · C8 · C9 · C10 · C11 · C12 · C13 · C14 (H & χ Persei) · C15 · C16 · C17 · C18 · C19 · C20 · C21 · C22 · C23 · C24 · C25 · C26 · C27 · C28 · C29 · C30 · C31 · C32 · C33 · C34 · C35 · C36 · C37 · C38 · C39 · C40 · C41 · C42 · C43 · C44 · C45 · C46 · C47 · C48 · C49 · C50 · C51 · C52 · C53 · C54 · C55 · C56 · C57 · C58 · C59 · C60 · C61 · C62 · C63 · C64 · C65 · C66 · C67 · C68 · C69 · C70 · C71 · C72 · C73 · C74 · C75 · C76 · C77 · C78 · C79 · C80 · C81 · C82 · C83 · C84 · C85 · C86 · C87 · C88 · C89 · C90 · C91 · C92 · C93 · C94 · C95 · C96 · C97 · C98 · C99 · C100 · C101 · C102 · C103 · C104 · C105 · C106 · C107 · C108 · C109
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Several million young stars are vying for attention in this NASA Hubble Space Telescope image of a raucous stellar breeding ground in 30 Doradus, located in the heart of the Tarantula Nebula. Early astronomers nicknamed the nebula because its glowing filaments resemble spider legs.
30 Doradus is the brightest star-forming region visible in a neighboring galaxy and home to the most massive stars ever seen. The nebula resides 170,000 light-years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small, satellite galaxy of our Milky Way. No known star-forming region in our galaxy is as large or as prolific as 30 Doradus.
The composite image comprises one of the largest mosaics ever assembled from Hubble photos and includes observations taken by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys. The Hubble image is combined with ground-based data of the Tarantula Nebula, taken with the European Southern Observatory's 2.2-meter telescope in La Silla, Chile. NASA and the Space Telescope Science Institute are releasing the image to celebrate Hubble's 22nd anniversary.
Collectively, the stars in this image are millions of times more massive than our Sun. The image is roughly 650 light-years across and contains some rambunctious stars, from one of the fastest rotating stars to the speediest and most massive runaway star.
The nebula is close enough to Earth that Hubble can resolve individual stars, giving astronomers important information about the stars' birth and evolution. Many small galaxies have more spectacular starbursts, but the Large Magellanic Cloud's 30 Doradus is one of the only extragalactic star-forming regions that astronomers can study in so much detail. The star-birthing frenzy in 30 Doradus may be partly fueled by its close proximity to its companion galaxy, the Small Magellanic Cloud.
The image reveals the stages of star birth, from embryonic stars a few thousand years old still wrapped in cocoons of dark gas to behemoths that die young in supernova explosions. 30 Doradus is a star-forming factory, churning out stars at a furious pace over millions of years. Hubble shows star clusters of various ages, from about 2 million to about 25 million years old.
The region's sparkling centerpiece is a giant, young star cluster (left of center) named NGC 2070, only 2 million years old. Its stellar inhabitants number roughly 500,000. The cluster is a hotbed for young, massive stars. Its dense core, known as R136, is packed with some of the heftiest stars found in the nearby universe, weighing more than 100 times the mass of our Sun.
The massive stars are carving deep cavities in the surrounding material by unleashing a torrent of ultraviolet light, which is etching away the enveloping hydrogen gas cloud in which the stars were born. The image reveals a fantasy landscape of pillars, ridges, and valleys. Besides sculpting the gaseous terrain, the brilliant stars also may be triggering a successive generation of offspring. When the radiation hits dense walls of gas, it creates shocks, which may be generating a new wave of star birth.
The colors represent the hot gas that dominates regions of the image. Red signifies hydrogen gas and blue, oxygen.
Hubble imaged 30 separate fields, 15 with each camera. Both cameras were making observations at the same time. Hubble made the observations in October 2011.
The James Webb Space Telescope reveals details of the structure and composition of the Tarantula Nebula, as well as dozens of background galaxies.
Stellar nursery 30 Doradus gets its nickname of the Tarantula Nebula from its long, dusty filaments. Located in the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy, it’s the largest and brightest star-forming region near our own galaxy, plus home to the hottest, most massive stars known.
The center of this image, taken by Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera instrument (NIRCam), has been hollowed out by the radiation from young, massive stars (seen in sparkling pale blue). Only the densest surrounding areas of the nebula resist erosion, forming the pillars that appear to point back towards the cluster of stars in the center. The pillars are home to still-forming stars, which will eventually leave their dusty cocoons and help shape the nebula.
Fluffy tan-colored nebula clouds, with rust-colored highlights, surround a black central area. Within that area, the focal point of the image is one large yellow star with eight long thin points. To the right of this star is a bright star cluster in an oval shape. The stars within the cluster look like tiny pale blue sparkles. The cluster is more densely packed at its core and scatters outward. Towards the bottom of the image, multiple arms appear to spiral out of a cloudy tan knob, resembling a spider or a squid structure. Other blue and yellow eight-pointed stars, as well as distant galaxies, are dotted throughout the image.
Autor/Urheber: Roberto Mura, Lizenz: CC BY-SA 3.0
Caldwell Catalogue objects.
The star-forming region, 30 Doradus, is one of the largest located close to the Milky Way and is found in the neighboring galaxy Large Magellanic Cloud. About 2,400 massive stars in the center of 30 Doradus, also known as the Tarantula Nebula, are producing intense radiation and powerful winds as they blow off material.
Multimillion-degree gas detected in X-rays (blue) by the Chandra X-ray Observatory comes from shock fronts -- similar to sonic booms --formed by these stellar winds and by supernova explosions. This hot gas carves out gigantic bubbles in the surrounding cooler gas and dust shown here in infrared emission from the Spitzer Space Telescope (orange).
30 Doradus is also known as an HII (pronounced "H-two") region, created when the radiation from hot, young stars strips away the electrons from neutral hydrogen atoms (HI) to form clouds of ionized hydrogen (HII). It is the most massive and largest HII region in the Local Group of galaxies, which contains the Milky Way, Andromeda and about 30 other smaller galaxies including the two Magellanic Clouds. Because of its proximity and size, 30 Doradus is an excellent target for studying the effects of massive stars on the evolution of an HII region.
The Tarantula Nebula is expanding, and researchers have recently published two studies that attempt to determine what drives this growth. The most recent study concluded that the evolution and the large-scale structure of 30 Doradus is determined by the bubbles of hot, X-ray bright gas confined by surrounding gas, and that pressure from radiation generated by massive stars does not currently play an important role in shaping the overall structure. A study published earlier in 2011 came to the opposite conclusion and argued that radiation pressure is more important than pressure from hot gas in driving the evolution of 30 Doradus, especially in the central regions near the massive stars. More detailed analysis and deeper Chandra observations of 30 Doradus may help decide between these different ideas.